Landscape metrics analysis in the proboscis monkey habitat in Kuala Lupak Wildlife Reserve
Abstract
Spatial studies of the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) habitat landscape are still limited in information to estimate the sustainability of their habitat in wetlands. Spatial analysis of the proboscis monkey habitat landscape is needed as important information for the preservation of the proboscis monkey habitat which is experiencing degradation due to land conversion. This study aims to analyze the spatial characteristics of the proboscis monkey habitat in the wetlands. Analyzing the characteristics of the proboscis monkey habitat, Worldview-3 data is needed to obtain information on land use and land cover by means of a GEOBIA-based classification, then analyzed using Fragstat 4.2 to obtain Class Area (CA), Number of Patch (NP), Edge Density (ED) values, Landscape Shape Index (LSI), Mean Patch Size (MPS), and Mean Shape Index (MSI) as the implementation of Proboscis monkey habitat characteristics. The results showed that the landscape of the Kuala Lupak Wildlife Reserve has an area of 4,952.10 hectares consisting of 3936 patches with an average area of 67,945 hectares/patch and a standard deviation of 409,2696. The total edge has an area of 1191712,536 meters and a density of 240,648 hectares. The Mean Shape Index has a value of 10.6713. The characteristics of the proboscis monkey habitat in the Kuala Lupak Wildlife Sanctuary illustrates the occurrence of fragmentation of the proboscis monkey's habitat and is not ideal for the protection of proboscis monkeys, because it can lead to isolated pockets of habitat. The results of this study are used as basic information for proboscis monkey habitat actions in the Kuala Lupak Wildlife Sanctuary.
References
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Wang X, Blanchet FG, Koper N. 2014. Measuring habitat fragmentation: An evaluation of landscape pattern metrics. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 5(7):634–646. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12198.
Yamada K, Elith J, McCarthy M, Zerger A. 2003. Eliciting and integrating expert knowledge for wildlife habitat modelling. Ecological Modelling. 165(2):251–264. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00077-2.
Antaranews.com. 2021. SBI jaga ekosistem lahan basah habitat bekantan. Antara News. [accessed 2022 Feb 9]. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2038486/sbi-jaga-ekosistem-lahan-basah-habitat-bekantan.
Aryadi M, Satriadi T. 2015. Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pada Kawasan Hutan Konservasi Suaka Margasatwa Kuala Lupak dan Pulau Kaget Kalimantan Selatan. :4.
Bellamy C, Scott C, Altringham J. 2013. Multiscale, presence-only habitat suitability models: fine-resolution maps for eight bat species. Journal of Applied Ecology. 50(4):892–901. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12117.
Bismark M. 2004. Daya dukung habitat dan adaptasi bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb). Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. 1(3):309–320.
Boonratana R, Cheyne SM, Traeholt C, Nijman V, Supriatna J. 2021. Nasalis larvatus (amended version of 2020 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T14352A195372486. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T14352A195372486.en.
Botequilha Leitão A, Ahern J. 2002. Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning. 59(2):65–93. doi:10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00005-1.
Budi PY, Kaswanto K, Departemen Arsitektur Lanskap, Institut Pertanian Bogor Indonesia, Susilo Arifin H, Departemen Arsitektur Lanskap, Institut Pertanian Bogor Indonesia. 2017. Analisis Ekologi Lanskap Agroforestri pada Riparian Sungai Ciliwung di Kota Bogor. JLI. 9(2):81–90. doi:10.29244/jli.2017.9.2.81-90.
Budiono B. 2019. Peran strategis restorasi pertanian terpadu di sekitar pengembangan kawasan ekowisata bekantan di Kabupaten Tapin. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Lahan Basah. 4(1):23–33.
Congalton R. 2001. Accuracy assessment and validation of remotely sensed and other spatial information. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 10:321–328. doi:10.1071/WF01031.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 2019.
Desnindriani P. 2020. Penelusuran Terancam Punahnya Satwa Bekantan di Kalimantan Selatan dalam Penyutradaraan Film Dokumenter Investigasi “Nasalis Larvatus” [skripsi]. Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta. [accessed 2022 Feb 4]. http://lib.isi.ac.id.
Dufour A, Gadallah F, Wagner HH, Guisan A, Buttler A. 2006. Plant species richness and environmental heterogeneity in a mountain landscape: effects of variability and spatial configuration. Ecography. 29(4):573–584. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04605.x.
Forman RTT, Godron M. 1986. Landscape ecology. New York: Wiley.
Gyenizse P, Bognár Z, Czigány S, Elekes T. 2014. Landscape shape index, as a potential indicator of urban development in Hungary. :11.
Haila Y. 2002. A Conceptual Genealogy of Fragmentation Research: From Island Biogeography to Landscape Ecology. Ecological Applications. 12:321–334. doi:10.2307/3060944.
Herzog F, Lausch A. 2001. Supplementing Land-Use Statistics with Landscape Metrics: Some Methodological Considerations. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 72:37–50. doi:10.1023/A:1011949704308.
Horodnic V-D, Bistricean P-I, Mihăilă D, Efros V. 2019. Application of Landscape Metrics and GIS Techniques for Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in The Suceava River Basin, Romania. p. 591–609.
Hurd J, Gilmore M, Prisloe S, Specialist G, Wilson E. 2006. Tidal wetland classification from Landsat imagery using an integrated pixel-based and object-based classification approach. 2.
Iskandar S, Alikodra HS, Bismark M, Kartono AP. 2017. Status Populasi Dan Konservasi Bekantan (Nasalis Larvatus Wurmb. 1787) di Habitat Rawa Gelam, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. 14(2):123–132. doi:10.20886/jphka.2017.14.2.123-132.
Jacquemyn H, Butaye J, Hermy M. 2003. Influence of environmental and spatial variables on regional distribution of forest plant species in a fragmented and changing landscape. Ecography. 26(6):768–776. doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2003.03620.x.
Kaban A, Mardiastuti A, Prasetyo L. 2017. Analisis Spasial Lanskap Perkotaan dan Keanekaragaman Burung di Kotamadya Bogor.
Khoiriah IF, Farda NM. 2012. Perbandingan Akurasi Klasifikasi Penutup Lahan Hasil Penggabungan Citra ALOS AVNIR-2 dan ALOS PALSAR pada Polarisasi Berbeda dengan Transformasi Wavelet. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia. 1(2):238145.
Kuester M. 2016. Radiometric Use of Worldview-3 Imagery. [accessed 2022 Feb 4]. https://dg-cms-uploads-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/document/file/207/Radiometric_Use_of_WorldView-3_v2.pdf.
Liu D, Xia F. 2010. Assessing object-based classification: advantages and limitations. Remote Sensing Letters. 1(4):187–194. doi:10.1080/01431161003743173.
Mcgarigal K, Marks BJ. 1994. Fragstats Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscpe Structure. [accessed 2022 Feb 8]. http://www.edc.uri.edu/nrs/classes/nrs534/fragstats.pdf.
McNeely JA, Miller KR, Reid WV, Mettermeier RA, Werner TB. 1990. Conserving the World’s Biological Diversity (No. AS 50752). [accessed 2022 Feb 11]. http://www.sidalc.net/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=orton.xis&method=post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=020932.
Muhaimin M, Danoedoro P, Kamal M. 2017. Pemodelan Spasial Untuk Analisis Tingkat Kesesuaian Habitat Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) (Studi Kasus di Suaka Margasatwa Kuala Lupak Kabupaten Barito Kuala Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan). Universitas Gadjah Mada. [accessed 2022 Feb 4]. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/128256.
Mukhlisi, Atmoko T, Priyono. 2018. Flora di Habitat Bekantan Lahan Basah Suwi Kalimantan Timur. [accessed 2022 Feb 9]. http://balitek-ksda.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Buku-Flora-di-Habitat-Bekantan-Lahan-Basah-Suwi-Kalimantan-Timur.pdf.
Narmada K, Gogoi D, Dhanusree, Bhaskaran G. 2021. Landscape metrics to analyze the forest fragmentation of Chitteri Hills in Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu. J Civil Eng Environ Sci.:001–007. doi:10.17352/2455-488X.000038.
Osborne P e., Alonso J c., Bryant R g. 2001. Modelling landscape-scale habitat use using GIS and remote sensing: a case study with great bustards. Journal of Applied Ecology. 38(2):458–471. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00604.x.
Pangestu A, Setiadi Y, Arifin HS. 2019. Keanekaragaman Hayati Flora Habitat Bekantan pada Kawasan Ekowisata, Kabupaten Tapin, Kalimantan Selatan | Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia. [accessed 2022 Feb 4]. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/JIPI/article/view/28055.
Rabiati M. 2016. Strategi Restorasi Habitat Bekantan Di Suaka Margasatwa Kuala Lupak Berdasarkan Karakteristik Habitat Referensi [Thesis]. Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). [accessed 2022 Feb 11]. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/80512.
Ramdhan M. 2015. Patch Analysis Menggunakan Fragstat (Studi Kasus Area Jambi).
Scolozzi R, Geneletti D. 2012. A multi-scale qualitative approach to assess the impact of urbanization on natural habitats and their connectivity. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 36:9–22. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2012.03.001.
Soendjoto A, Djami’at, Johansyah, Hairani. 2002. Bekantan juga hidup di hutan Karet. :4.
Soendjoto MA, Alikodra HS, Bismark M, Setijanto H. 2005. Vegetasi Tepi-Baruh pada Habitat Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus) di Hutan Karet Kabupaten Tabalong, Kalimantan Selatan. Biodiversitas. 6(1). doi:10.13057/biodiv/d060108. [accessed 2022 Feb 9]. https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/630.
Sumarto S, Simbala HEI, Koneri R, Ratna S, Parluhutan S. 2012. Biologi Konservasi. Bandung: CV. Patra Media Grafindo.
Surat Keputusan Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I Kalimantan Selatan No. 29. 1990.
Suwarto S, Prasetyo LB, Kartono AP. 2016. Habitat suitability for Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb, 1781) in the mangrove forest of Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan. Bonorowo Wetlands. 6(1):12–25. doi:10.13057/bonorowo/w060102.
Vanetti M. 2007. Confusion matrix online calculator. [accessed 2022 Feb 7]. https://www.marcovanetti.com/pages/cfmatrix/.
Vasudev D, Fletcher Jr RJ, Goswami VR, Krishnadas M. 2015. From dispersal constraints to landscape connectivity: lessons from species distribution modeling. Ecography. 38(10):967–978. doi:10.1111/ecog.01306.
Wang X, Blanchet FG, Koper N. 2014. Measuring habitat fragmentation: An evaluation of landscape pattern metrics. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 5(7):634–646. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12198.
Yamada K, Elith J, McCarthy M, Zerger A. 2003. Eliciting and integrating expert knowledge for wildlife habitat modelling. Ecological Modelling. 165(2):251–264. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00077-2.
Authors
MuhaiminM., JumrianiJ., ArisantyD., HastutiK. P. and AngrianiP. (2022) “Landscape metrics analysis in the proboscis monkey habitat in Kuala Lupak Wildlife Reserve”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 12(2), pp. 301-316. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.12.2.301-316.
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