Systems dynamic modeling on sustainable apples agriculture
Abstract
History shows the long process of apple plants originating from subtropical regions adapting to Indonesia's tropical climate until its popularity is increasingly marginalized and replaced with other commodities, as evidenced by the decreasing land area, especially in Batu City. Indonesia. In developing and analyzing solutions based on the principles of sustainable development, an integrated and holistic approach is required. To understand problems and find solutions, we can use Systems dynamics. The purpose of this study is to obtain a policy scenario that encourages sustainable apple farming. Data is collected from the local government and BPS City or Province so that the selected variables follow the specific location. The system approach is used to identify needs, problem formulation, preparation of input-output diagrams, cause-effect diagrams and stock-flow diagrams. A series of scenarios is created and tested through simulation to understand the system's dynamic behavior better and obtain the desired output. The best scenario was chosen, namely by replanting 10% of old plant each year, using integrated agriculture with 3 female and 1 male brooders, reduction of land change with 50% success, Local economic development by integrating tourist ticket and hotels with 0,75 kg apple fruits also increasing health support for students
References
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Nicholson CF, Stephenson MW. 2014. Dynamic Market Impacts of the Dairy Margin Protection Program. J. Agribus. 32(2):101–128.
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Pigford AAE, Hickey GM, Klerkx L. 2018. Beyond agricultural innovation systems? Exploring an agricultural Innovation Ecosistems Approach for Niche Design and Development in Sustainability Transition. Agric. Syst. 164(1):116–121.
Rasyid H. 2016. Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Apel ( Malus sylvestris L .) Varietas Lokal Sebagai Akibat Pemberian Macam Pupuk Kandangdan Dosis Pupuk Hijau Arachis pintoii. Semin. Nas. dan Gelar Prod. 2016 (Malang, 17 – 18 Okt).:325–333.
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Siciliano G. 2012. Urbanization strategies, rural development and land use changes in China: A multiple-level integrated assessment. Land use policy. 29(1):165–178.
Stephens EC, Nicholson CF, Brown DR, Parsons D, Barrett CB, Lehmann J, Mbugua D, Ngoze S, Pell AN, Riha SJ. 2012. Modeling the impact of natural resource-based poverty traps on food security in Kenya : The Crops , Livestock and Soils in Smallholder Economic Systems ( CLASSES ) Model. Food Sec. 4(1):423–439.doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0176-1.
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Wang Z, Cao Q, Shen Y. 2019. Modeling Light Availability for Crop Strips Planted within Apple Orchard. Agric. Syst. 170(1):28–38.
Wibowo WH, Junaedi A. 2017. Peremajaan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Seruyan Estate, Minamas Plantation Group, Seruyan, Kalimantan Tengah. Bul. Agrohorti. 5(1):107–116.
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Asbur Y, Ariyanti M. 2017. Peran konservasi tanah terhadap cadangan karbon tanah , bahan organik , dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit ( Elaeis guineensis jacq .) The role of soil conservation to soil carbon stocks , organic matter , and oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis jacq .) Growth. J. Kultiv. 16(3):402–411.
Batu BK. 2019. Batu BK. 2020. Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Menurut Langan Usaha 2014-2018.
Bhattacharya S, Londhe BR. 2014. Micro Entrepreneurship: Sources of Finance & Related Constraints. Procedia Econ. Financ. 11(December 2013):775–783.
Bhuiyan MF, Ivlevs A. 2019. Micro-entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: Evidence from rural Bangladesh. J. Bus. Ventur. 34(4):625–645.
Boone L, Van V, Roldán-ruiz I, Sierra CA, Vandecasteele B, Sleutel S, Meester S De, Muylle H, Dewulf J. 2018. Introduction of a natural resource balance indicator to assess soil organic carbon management : Agricultural Biomass Productivity Bene fi t. J. Environ. Manage. 224(July):202–214.
Bosc PM, Marzin J, Belieres JF, Sourisseau JM, Bonnal P, Losch B., Pedelahore P, Parrot L. 2015. Family Farming and the Worlds to Come: Defining, Characterizing and Measuring Family Farming Models. Sourisseau JM, editor. Netherlands: Springer.
BPS. 2017. Statistik Tanaman Buah-Buahan dan Sayuran Tahunan 2017. Jakarta (ID): Jakarta.
Clarke B. 2000. Agricuture and agro-industries. Rome (IT): FAO.
Fauzi A. 2019. Teknik Analisis Keberlanjutan. Jakarta (ID): Gramedia.
Forrester JW. 1971. World Dynamics. Cambridge (UK): Wright-Allen Press. Inc.
Gafsi M, Legagneux B, Nguyen G, Robin P. 2006. Towards Sustainable Farming Systems- Effectiveness and Deficiency of The French Procedure of Sustainable Agriculture. Agric. Syst. 90(1):226–242.
Garrard R, Kohler T, Price MF, Byers AC, Sherpa AR, Maharjan GR. 2016. Land Use and Land Cover Change in Sagarmatha National Park, a World Heritage Site in the Himalayas of Eastern Nepal. Mt. Res. Dev. 36(3):299–310.
Hammond RA, Dube L. 2012. A systems science perspective and transdisciplinary models for food and nutrition security. PNAS. 109(31):12356–12363.
Hussain S, Sharma MK, Bashir D, Tundup P. 2018. Effect of Orchard Floor Management Practices on Nutrient Status in Apple cv . Royal Delicious. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Applies Sci. 7(02):2771–2792.
Indahwati, R. Hendrarto B. dan Izzati M. 2012. Keanekaragaman Arthropoda Tanah di Lahan Apel Desa Tulungrejo Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu. Pros. Semin. Nas. Pengelolaan Sumberd. Alam Dan Lingkung.(September):31–34.
Jenahar TJ, Hildayanti SK. 2017. Analisis Kemampuan Tabungan Petani Untuk Menanggung Biaya Peremajaan Kebun Karetnya Di Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan. J. Ecoment Glob. 2(1):51–58.
Jin G, Li Zhaohua, Wang Z, Chu X, Li Zhihui. 2015. Impact of land-use induced changes on agricultural productivity in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin. Phys. Chem. Earth. 79–82:86–92.
Kementerian Pertanian. 2018. Statistik Ketenaga Kerjaan Sektor Pertanian tahun 2017-2018. Jakarta [ID]: Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian RI.
Kithae PP, Maganjo R, Kavinda L. 2013. Impact of Entrepreneurship Training on Performance of Micro and Small Enterpricses (MSES) in Kenya: A Case Study of Embu Municipality. Int. J. Bus. Manag. Rev. 1(2):1–17.
Lal R. 2018. Sustainable intensification of China’s agroecosystems by conservation agriculture. Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res. 6(1):1–12.
Listyati D, Ferry Y. 2014. Analisis Pendapatan Petani Karet Pada Sistem Peremajaan Bertahap. J. TIDP. 1(3):157–166.
Machado DL, Pereira MG, Lopes L, Santos DOS. 2019. Organic Matter And Soil Fertility In Different Successional Stages Of Seasonal Semidecidual Forest. Rev. Caatinga, Mossoró. 32(1):179–188.
Mahon N, Crute I, Bonito M Di, Simmons EA, Islam MM. 2018. Land Use Policy Towards a Broad-Based and Holistic Framework of Sustainable Intensification Indicators. Land use policy. 77(June):576–597.
Mandisvika G. 2015. The Role and Importance of Local Economic Development in Urban Development : A Case of Harare. J. Advocacy, Res. Deveopment. 4(3):198–209.
Mayuran L. 2016. Impact of Entrepreneurship Training on Performance of Small Enterprises in Jaffna District Problem Statement and Research Questions Entrepreneurship training financial management Performance of Small enterprises. Glob. J. Commer. Manag. Perspect. 5(2):1–6.
Mozumdar L. 2012. Agricultural productivity and food security in to progress agricultural production and increased agricultural productivity is requisite to ensure self-sufficiency in food, which is the first constituent of food security. Bangladesh J. Agric. Econ. 35(1/2):53–69.
Munir R, Fitanto B. 2008. Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Partisipatif: Masalah, kebijakan dan Panduan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan. Jakarta: Local Governance Support Program (LGSP). Jakarta (ID): LGSP-USAID.
Nicholson CF, Stephenson MW. 2014. Dynamic Market Impacts of the Dairy Margin Protection Program. J. Agribus. 32(2):101–128.
Nurkhoiry R, Agustira MA, Wahyono T, Moechtar D, Kurniawan A, Harahap IY, Koedadri AD. 2006. Pedoman Norma Kerja Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit pada Lahan Mineral. Medan [ID]: Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Medan.
Pergola M, Persiani A, Palese AM, Di Meo V, Pastore V, D’Adamo C, Celano G. 2018. Composting: The way for a sustainable agriculture. Appl. Soil Ecol. 123(December 2016):744–750.
Pigford AAE, Hickey GM, Klerkx L. 2018. Beyond agricultural innovation systems? Exploring an agricultural Innovation Ecosistems Approach for Niche Design and Development in Sustainability Transition. Agric. Syst. 164(1):116–121.
Rasyid H. 2016. Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Apel ( Malus sylvestris L .) Varietas Lokal Sebagai Akibat Pemberian Macam Pupuk Kandangdan Dosis Pupuk Hijau Arachis pintoii. Semin. Nas. dan Gelar Prod. 2016 (Malang, 17 – 18 Okt).:325–333.
Ruminta. 2015. Dampak perubahan iklim pada produksi apel di Batu Malang Impacts of climate change on production of apple in Batu Malang. J. Kultiv. 14(2):45–48.
Santoso PBK, Widiatmaka, Sabiham S, Machfud, Wayan Rusastra I. 2017. Analisis Pola Konversi Lahan Sawah dan Struktur Hubungan Penyebab dan Pencegahannya (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat). J. Pengelolaan Sumberd. Alam dan Lingkung. 7(2):184–194.
Satterthwaite D, Mcgranahan G, Tacoli C. 2010. Urbanization and its Implications for Food and Farming. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 365(1):2809–2820.
Siciliano G. 2012. Urbanization strategies, rural development and land use changes in China: A multiple-level integrated assessment. Land use policy. 29(1):165–178.
Stephens EC, Nicholson CF, Brown DR, Parsons D, Barrett CB, Lehmann J, Mbugua D, Ngoze S, Pell AN, Riha SJ. 2012. Modeling the impact of natural resource-based poverty traps on food security in Kenya : The Crops , Livestock and Soils in Smallholder Economic Systems ( CLASSES ) Model. Food Sec. 4(1):423–439.doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0176-1.
Subagiyo A, Prayitno G, Kusriyanto RL. 2020. Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian ke Non Pertanian di Kota Batu Indonesia. J. Kajian, Penelit. dan Pengemb. Pendidik. 8(2):135–150.
Subowo G. 2010. Strategi efisiensi penggunaan bahan organik untuk kesuburan dan produktivitas tanah melalui pemberdayaan sumberdaya hayati tanah. J. Sumberd. Lahan. 4(1):355–372.
Suhada B. 2017. Strategi Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Kabupaten Lampung Timur. J. Deriv. 11(1):1–7.
Trivana L, Pradhana A. 2017. Optimalisasi Waktu Pengomposan dan Kualitas Pupuk Kandang dari Kotoran Kambing dan Debu Sabut Kelapa dengan Bioaktivator PROMI dan Orgadec Time Optimization of the Composting and Quality of Organic Fertilizer Based on Goat Manure and Coconut Coir Dust usi. Sain Vet. 35(1):136–144.
Uchyani R, Ani SW. 2012. Tren Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Di Kabupaten Klaten. SEPA. 8(2):51–58.
United Nation. 2004. Unleashing Entrepreneurship: Making Business Work for The Poor. New York (USA). UN
Usha K, Thakre M, Goswami AK, Deepak NG. 2015. Fundamental of Fruit Production. New Delhi [IN]: Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
Vial V, Hanoteau J. 2015. Returns to Micro-Entrepreneurship in an Emerging Economy: A Quantile Study of Entrepreneurial Indonesian Households’ Welfare. World Dev. 74(1):142–157.
Wang Z, Cao Q, Shen Y. 2019. Modeling Light Availability for Crop Strips Planted within Apple Orchard. Agric. Syst. 170(1):28–38.
Wibowo WH, Junaedi A. 2017. Peremajaan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Seruyan Estate, Minamas Plantation Group, Seruyan, Kalimantan Tengah. Bul. Agrohorti. 5(1):107–116.
Wijayanti SS, Darwanto. 2016. Implementasi Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Melalui Pembentukan Klaster Di Kabupaten Semarang. Ecconomics, Soc. Dev. Stud. 3(1):4–25.
Word Bank. 2015. Growing, Innovation, Fostering Entrepreneurship infoDev Annual Report 2014-2015.
Zhu Z, Jia Z, Peng L, Chen Q, He L, Jiang Y, Ge S. 2018. Life cycle assessment of conventional and organic apple production systems in China. J. Clean. Prod. 201:156–168.
Authors
SamudraF. B., Sitorus S. R., SantosaE. and MachfudM. (2022) “Systems dynamic modeling on sustainable apples agriculture”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 11(4), pp. 567-577. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.11.4.567-577.
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