Wastewater reclamation design from sewerage system for gardening activity in Universitas Pertamina
Abstract
Wastewater recycling is one of the criteria for continuous innovation at the campus level. Reclamation of water from the sewage system for gardening activities is one way to achieve this target at Universitas Pertamina. The aim of this study is to design and verify a water treatment unit from sewage to ready-to-use water for gardening activities. The units needed for the wastewater treatment system are a tank, Horizontal Roughing Filter (HRF), Rapid Sand Filtration (RSF), reservoir, and disinfection. The expected quality of effluent from processing is TDS 278 mg/L; TSS 1.3 mg/L; Turbidity 0.17 NTU; BOD5 0.63 mg/L; COD 6.12 mg/L; Total phosphate 0.95 mg/L; Nitrate 0.07 mg/L; detergent 0.7 mg/L; and total coliform MPN/100mL. The most important parameter in the sewerage water treatment process is the total coliform which must achieve an efficiency of 99%. This conventional method of water treatment is used because the availability of land is still sufficient, if it is not sufficient then further processing that is efficient, environmentally friendly, and has economic value is required.
References
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Afifah, A. S., Suryawan, I. W. K., & Sarwono, A. (2020). Microalgae production using photo-bioreactor with intermittent aeration for municipal wastewater substrate and nutrient removal. Communications in Science and Technology, 5(2), 107-111.
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Apritama, M. R., Suryawan, I. W. K., Afifah, A. S., and Septiariva, I. Y., (2020). Phytoremediation of effluent textile WWTP for NH3-N and Cu reduction using pistia stratiotes, Plant Archives, 20, pp. 2384-2388.
Calder, W., & Dautremont-Smith, J. (2009). Higher education: More and more laboratories for inventing a sustainable future. Agenda for a sustainable America, 93-107.
Daee, M., Gholipour, A., & Stefanakis, A. I. (2019). Performance of pilot Horizontal Roughing Filter as polishing stage of waste stabilization ponds in developing regions and modelling verification. Ecological Engineering, 8-18.
Davis, M. L. (2010). Water and Wastewater Engineering: Design Principle and Practice. The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Fadhilah, N., Vembrio, L. A. W., Safira, R. H., Amiruddin, A., Sofiyah, E. S., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2020). Modifikasi Unit Proses dalam Peningkatan Efisiensi Penyisihan Amonium. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 7(2), 1-10.
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Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control.
Hadi, W. (2012). Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Minum. Surabaya: ITS Press.
Hasnaningrum, H., Ridhosari, B., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2021). Planning Advanced Treatment of Tap Water Consumption in Universitas Pertamina. Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan, 5(1), 1-11.
Khansa, P., Sofiyah, E. S., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2020). Determination of Rain Intensity Based on Rain Characteristics Observed from Rain Observation Stations Around South Jakarta. JACEE (Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering), 3(2), 94-103.
Khezi, S. M., Majidi, G., Mansoorian, H. J., Ansari, M., Atabi, F., Mogaddan, T. T., & Rashtchi, N. (2016). Efficiency of Horizontal Roughing Filter in Removing Nitrate, Phosphate and Chemical Oxygen Demand from Effluent of Waste Stabilization Pond. Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 87-92.
Khezri, S. M., Mansoorian, H. J., Majidi, G., Atabi, F., Moghaddam, T., Khanjani, N., & Rashtchi, N. (2017). Efficiency of Horizontal Roughing Filter in Removing Suspended Solids from Effluent of Waste Stabilization Ponds in 2013. Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 6(4), 329-325.
Lourrinx, E., & Budihardjo, M. A. (2019). Implementation of UI GreenMetric at Diponegoro University in order to Environmental Sustainability Efforts. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 125, p. 02007). EDP Sciences.
Metcalf and Eddy . 2004. Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse 4th Edition. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Company
Morel, A., & Diener, A. (2006). Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of different systems for households or neighbourhoods. Dübendorf: Sandec (Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries) at Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquativ Science and Technology).
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Reyes, O., Sanchez, E., Pellon, A., Borja, R., & F., M. (1997). A Comparative Study of Sand and Natural Zeolite as Filtering Media in Tertiary Treatment of Wastewater from Tourist Area. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2438-2496.
Ridhosari, B., & Rahman, A. (2020). Carbon footprint assessment at Universitas Pertamina from the scope of electricity, transportation, and waste generation: Toward a green campus and promotion of environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, 119172.
Sarwono, E., Harits, M., & Widarti, B. N. (2017). Penurunan kadar tss, bod5 dan total coliform menggunakan horizontal roughing filter. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 1(1).
Sisynreswari, H., Oktiawan, W., & Rezagama, A. (2014). Penurunan TSS, COD, dan Fosfat, pada Limbah Laundry Menggunakan Koagulan Tawas dan Media Zeolit. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 1-11.
Sofiyah, E. S., Septiariva, I. Y., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2021). Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Various Microalgae for Lipid Production. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 15156-15163.
Srivinas, T. (2008). Environmental Biotechnology. New Age International Limited Publishers.
Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 23nd Edition, 2012, 9221 B, Standard Total Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Suryawan, I. W., Septiariva, I. Y., Helmy, Q., Notodarmojo, S., Wulandari, M., Sari, N. K., Sarwono, A., Jun-Wei, L. (2021). Comparison of Ozone Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Hybrid with Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor in Removal of Remazol Black 5. International Journal of Technology, 12.
Susana, T. Y. (2012). Analisa pemanfaatan potensi air hujan dengan menggunakan cistern sebagai alternatif sumber air pertamanan pada gedung perkantoran Bank Indonesia= Utilization analysis of rainwater potential by using cistern as an alternative source of water gardening at Bank Indonesia office building.
SNI. (2004). SNI 06-6989.3:2004 Water and Wastewater - Section 3: on The Way, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Tested by Gravimetric
SNI. (2004). SNI 06-6989.11-2004 on Water and Wastewater - Section 11: The way Acidity Degree (pH) Tested Using a pH Meter
SNI. (2008). SNI 06-6989.51-2005 concerning Water and Wastewater – Section 51: The way Anionic Surfactant Levels Tested with a Spectrophotometer.
SNI. (2008). SNI 6989.59:2008 concerning Water and Wastewater - Section 59: Methods for sampling wastewater
SNI. (2009). SNI 6989.2:2009 concerning Water and Wastewater - Section 2: The way Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) with Spectrophotometry Closed Reflux Tested
SNI. (2009). SNI 6989.72:2009 concerning Water and Wastewater – Section 72: The way Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Requirements Tested.
SNI. (2011). SNI 7509: 2011 concerning technical planning procedures for distribution networks and service
Tan, H., Chen, S., Shi, Q., & Wang, L. (2014). Development of green campus in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 646-653.
Triastiani, R. D., & Hazilmi, R. (2018). Perbaikan Kualitas Air Hujan sebagai Air Bersih dengan Metode Mineralisasi dan Desinfeksi. Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan, 18(2).
Universitat Politècnica de València. (2015). Report on Stormwater Management. E²STORMED Project. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from http://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/uobcoleges/ad_downloads/6_8909_474.doc
Verma, S., Varinder, K., & John, S. (2015). Water Supply Engineering. Noida: Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD.
Wegelin, M. (1996). Surface water treatment by roughing filters : a design, construction and operation manual. Switzerland: SKAT (Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management).
WHO International Reference Centre for Wastes Disposal. (1984). Horizontal-flow Roughing Filtration: An Appropriate Pretreatment for Slow Sand Filters in Development Countries. Switzerland: WHO.
Widiastuti, H., Arifin, N. L., & Mutiarani. (2019, March). Waste sorting campaign toward green campus: Case study in Politeknik Negeri Batam. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2085, No. 1, p. 020007). AIP Publishing LLC.
Afifah, A. S., Suryawan, I. W. K., & Sarwono, A. (2020). Microalgae production using photo-bioreactor with intermittent aeration for municipal wastewater substrate and nutrient removal. Communications in Science and Technology, 5(2), 107-111.
Amba, M. (2015). Desain Strategi Pengelolaan Green Campus Pada Universitas Pattimura. ARIKA, 9(2), 83-90.
American Public Health Association (APHA). (2005). Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 23r Edition 4500-P
American Public Health Association (APHA). (2005). Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 23rd Edition 4500- NO3- E
Apritama, M. R., Suryawan, I. W. K., Afifah, A. S., and Septiariva, I. Y., (2020). Phytoremediation of effluent textile WWTP for NH3-N and Cu reduction using pistia stratiotes, Plant Archives, 20, pp. 2384-2388.
Calder, W., & Dautremont-Smith, J. (2009). Higher education: More and more laboratories for inventing a sustainable future. Agenda for a sustainable America, 93-107.
Daee, M., Gholipour, A., & Stefanakis, A. I. (2019). Performance of pilot Horizontal Roughing Filter as polishing stage of waste stabilization ponds in developing regions and modelling verification. Ecological Engineering, 8-18.
Davis, M. L. (2010). Water and Wastewater Engineering: Design Principle and Practice. The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Fadhilah, N., Vembrio, L. A. W., Safira, R. H., Amiruddin, A., Sofiyah, E. S., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2020). Modifikasi Unit Proses dalam Peningkatan Efisiensi Penyisihan Amonium. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 7(2), 1-10.
Fauziah, R., Hadi, W. (2013). Penyediaan Air Minum untuk Masyarakat di Bantaran Kalimas Surabaya. JURNAL TEKNIK POMITS. 2 (1): 1-3.
Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control.
Hadi, W. (2012). Perencanaan Bangunan Pengolahan Air Minum. Surabaya: ITS Press.
Hasnaningrum, H., Ridhosari, B., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2021). Planning Advanced Treatment of Tap Water Consumption in Universitas Pertamina. Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan, 5(1), 1-11.
Khansa, P., Sofiyah, E. S., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2020). Determination of Rain Intensity Based on Rain Characteristics Observed from Rain Observation Stations Around South Jakarta. JACEE (Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering), 3(2), 94-103.
Khezi, S. M., Majidi, G., Mansoorian, H. J., Ansari, M., Atabi, F., Mogaddan, T. T., & Rashtchi, N. (2016). Efficiency of Horizontal Roughing Filter in Removing Nitrate, Phosphate and Chemical Oxygen Demand from Effluent of Waste Stabilization Pond. Environmental Health Engineering and Management, 87-92.
Khezri, S. M., Mansoorian, H. J., Majidi, G., Atabi, F., Moghaddam, T., Khanjani, N., & Rashtchi, N. (2017). Efficiency of Horizontal Roughing Filter in Removing Suspended Solids from Effluent of Waste Stabilization Ponds in 2013. Archives of Hygiene Sciences, 6(4), 329-325.
Lourrinx, E., & Budihardjo, M. A. (2019). Implementation of UI GreenMetric at Diponegoro University in order to Environmental Sustainability Efforts. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 125, p. 02007). EDP Sciences.
Metcalf and Eddy . 2004. Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse 4th Edition. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Company
Morel, A., & Diener, A. (2006). Greywater Management in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of different systems for households or neighbourhoods. Dübendorf: Sandec (Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries) at Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquativ Science and Technology).
Nurisyah, S.Nurdin, Y. 1999. Studi Pola Ruang Terbuka Hijau. Jurnal Taman dan lanskap Indonesia Vol: 2 Januari 1999 (11-16).
Reyes, O., Sanchez, E., Pellon, A., Borja, R., & F., M. (1997). A Comparative Study of Sand and Natural Zeolite as Filtering Media in Tertiary Treatment of Wastewater from Tourist Area. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2438-2496.
Ridhosari, B., & Rahman, A. (2020). Carbon footprint assessment at Universitas Pertamina from the scope of electricity, transportation, and waste generation: Toward a green campus and promotion of environmental sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 246, 119172.
Sarwono, E., Harits, M., & Widarti, B. N. (2017). Penurunan kadar tss, bod5 dan total coliform menggunakan horizontal roughing filter. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 1(1).
Sisynreswari, H., Oktiawan, W., & Rezagama, A. (2014). Penurunan TSS, COD, dan Fosfat, pada Limbah Laundry Menggunakan Koagulan Tawas dan Media Zeolit. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 1-11.
Sofiyah, E. S., Septiariva, I. Y., & Suryawan, I. W. K. (2021). Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Various Microalgae for Lipid Production. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 15156-15163.
Srivinas, T. (2008). Environmental Biotechnology. New Age International Limited Publishers.
Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 23nd Edition, 2012, 9221 B, Standard Total Coliform Fermentation Technique.
Suryawan, I. W., Septiariva, I. Y., Helmy, Q., Notodarmojo, S., Wulandari, M., Sari, N. K., Sarwono, A., Jun-Wei, L. (2021). Comparison of Ozone Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Hybrid with Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor in Removal of Remazol Black 5. International Journal of Technology, 12.
Susana, T. Y. (2012). Analisa pemanfaatan potensi air hujan dengan menggunakan cistern sebagai alternatif sumber air pertamanan pada gedung perkantoran Bank Indonesia= Utilization analysis of rainwater potential by using cistern as an alternative source of water gardening at Bank Indonesia office building.
SNI. (2004). SNI 06-6989.3:2004 Water and Wastewater - Section 3: on The Way, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Tested by Gravimetric
SNI. (2004). SNI 06-6989.11-2004 on Water and Wastewater - Section 11: The way Acidity Degree (pH) Tested Using a pH Meter
SNI. (2008). SNI 06-6989.51-2005 concerning Water and Wastewater – Section 51: The way Anionic Surfactant Levels Tested with a Spectrophotometer.
SNI. (2008). SNI 6989.59:2008 concerning Water and Wastewater - Section 59: Methods for sampling wastewater
SNI. (2009). SNI 6989.2:2009 concerning Water and Wastewater - Section 2: The way Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) with Spectrophotometry Closed Reflux Tested
SNI. (2009). SNI 6989.72:2009 concerning Water and Wastewater – Section 72: The way Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Requirements Tested.
SNI. (2011). SNI 7509: 2011 concerning technical planning procedures for distribution networks and service
Tan, H., Chen, S., Shi, Q., & Wang, L. (2014). Development of green campus in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 646-653.
Triastiani, R. D., & Hazilmi, R. (2018). Perbaikan Kualitas Air Hujan sebagai Air Bersih dengan Metode Mineralisasi dan Desinfeksi. Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan, 18(2).
Universitat Politècnica de València. (2015). Report on Stormwater Management. E²STORMED Project. Retrieved February 21, 2020, from http://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/uobcoleges/ad_downloads/6_8909_474.doc
Verma, S., Varinder, K., & John, S. (2015). Water Supply Engineering. Noida: Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD.
Wegelin, M. (1996). Surface water treatment by roughing filters : a design, construction and operation manual. Switzerland: SKAT (Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management).
WHO International Reference Centre for Wastes Disposal. (1984). Horizontal-flow Roughing Filtration: An Appropriate Pretreatment for Slow Sand Filters in Development Countries. Switzerland: WHO.
Widiastuti, H., Arifin, N. L., & Mutiarani. (2019, March). Waste sorting campaign toward green campus: Case study in Politeknik Negeri Batam. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2085, No. 1, p. 020007). AIP Publishing LLC.
Authors
Pavita Khansa, Evi Siti Sofiyah and I Wayan Koko Suryawan (2022) “Wastewater reclamation design from sewerage system for gardening activity in Universitas Pertamina”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 11(4), pp. 685-695. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.11.4.685-695.
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