Peatland management without burning: alternative restoration efforts in (re)wet peatlands
Abstract
The last two decades, peatland management has resulted in susceptibility of peatlands to fires due to peat degradation associated with drainages, climate, and culture in opening peatlands. Rewet peatlands is the ultmate goal of peat restoration. Nevertheless, the needs for production in peatlands require a milestone to bridge the measure to restore peatlands hydrologically. Peatland management without fires is a method, and the combination with methods to supply nutrient in wet/moist/anaerobic peatlands would be innovative technology. It is aimed to provide nutrients of organic materials without stimulating decomposition of peat materials. Along with restoration measure hydrologically, agriculture in cultivation zone of peatlands shall consider water-zone as a specific and small unit within a wide peat hydrological unit.
References
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Page SE, Rieley JO, Shotyk OW, Weiss D. (1999). Interdependence of Peat and Vegetation in a Tropical Peat Swamp Forest, 14.
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Purnomo H, Puspitaloka D. (2020). Pembelajaran Pencegahan Kebakaran dan Restorasi Gambut Berbasis Masyarakat. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
Putra EI. (2011). The Effect of the Precipitation Pattern of the Dry Season on Peat Fire Occurrence in the Mega Rice Project Area, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tropics, vol. 19, no 4, p. 145–56.
Rezainy A, Syaufina L, Sitanggang IS (2020) Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Kebakaran Di Lahan Gambut Berdasarkan Pola Sekuens Titik Panas Di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau Kalimantan Tengah. J Pengelolaan Sumberd Alam Dan Lingkung J Nat Resour Environ Manag 10:66–76. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.1.66-76
Ritzema HP, Limin S, Kusin K, Jauhiainen J, Wösten H. (2014). Canal Blocking Strategies for Hydrological Restoration of Degraded Tropical Peatlands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. CATENA, vol. 114, p. 11–20.
Rossi PM, Ala-aho P, Doherty J, Kløve B (2014) Impact of peatland drainage and restoration on esker groundwater resources: modeling future scenarios for management. Hydrogeol J 22:1131–1145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1127-z
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Simorangkir D (2006) Fire use: Is it really the cheaper land preparation method for large-scale plantations? Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 12:147–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-9049-2
Surahman A, Soni P, Shivakoti GP. (2018). Are peatland farming systems sustainable? Case study on assessing existing farming systems in the peatland of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Integr Environ Sci 15:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2017.1412326
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Van Seters TE, Price JS. (2001). The impact of peat harvesting and natural regeneration on the water balance of an abandoned cutover bog, Quebec. Hydrol. Process. 15, 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.145.
Wosten JHM, Ritzema HP. (1997). Land and Water Management Option for Peatland Development in Sarawak, Malaysia, International Peat Journal.
Wosten H, Ritzema H, Rieley J. (2008). Requirement for and Operational Aspects of Water Management in Tropical Peatlands. Int Symp Workshop Trop Peatl Peatl Dev Wise Use Impact Manag 222–240
Wosten H, Hooijer A, Siderius C, et al (2006) Tropical Peatland water management modelling of the Air Hitam Laut catchment in Indonesia. Int J River Basin Manag 4:233–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2006.9635293
Antonius S, Agustiyani D, Lailii N, Hartati I, Sutisna E. (2019). Pupuk Organik Hayati Cair Dan Proses Pembuatannya; ID Patent IDP000,064,813.
Antonius S dan D Agustiyani (2016). Pengaruh pupuk organik hayati yang mengandung mikroba bermanfaat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen tanaman semangka serta sifat biokimia tanahnya pada percobaan lapangan, Jurnal Berkala Penelitian Hayati 16, 203-6.
Antonius, S; Budisatria R, T Dewi, K. 2016. The use of Sprout as Precursor for the Production of Indole Acetic Acid by Selected Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Grown in the Fermentor. Microbiology Indonesia 10 (4), 131-138.
Anwar A, Juneng L, Othman MR, et al. (2010). Correlation between hotspots and air quality in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia in 2006-2007. Sains Malays 39: 169-174.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan. (2007). Penyiapan Lahan Tanpa Bakar untuk Penanaman. ISBN: 978-979-3819-40-2.
Ballhorn U, Siegert F, Mason M, Limin S (2009) Derivation of burn scar depths and estimation of carbon emissions with LIDAR in Indonesian peatlands. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:21213–21218. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906457106
BBSDLP. (2011). Peta Lahan Gambut Indonesia Skala 1:250.000. Bogor: Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Badan Pertanian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. ISBN: 978-602-8977-16-6
Cole LES, Bhagwat SA, Willis KJ. (2015). Long-term disturbance dynamics and resilience of tropical peat swamp forest. J Ecol: 16-30.
Dohong A, Aziz AA, Dargusch P (2017) A review of the drivers of tropical peatland degradation in South-East Asia. Land Use Policy 69:349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.035
Dommain R, Couwenberg J, Joosten H. (2010). Hydrological Self-Regulation of Domed Tropical Peatlands. Mires and Peat, vol. 6, no 2010, p. 1–17.
Harrison ME, Capilla BR, Thornton SA, Cattau ME, Page SE. (2016). Impacts of the 2015 fire season on peat‐swamp forest biodiversity in Indonesian Borneo. In Peatlands in harmony – Agriculture, industry & nature. Proceedings of the 15th international peat congress: Oral presentations (pp. 713–717). 15–19 August 2016, Sarawak, Malaysia: International Peat Society.
Harrison ME, Ottay JB, D’Arcy LJ, et al. (2019). Tropical forest and peatland conservation in Indonesia: Challenges and directions. People Nat. 2020; 2: 4– 28. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10060
Hendromono, Wibowo A, Martono D, Santoso E, Djarwanto, Prahasto H, Sallata MK, Rufi’ie, Suharyanto, Siran SA, Heriansyah. (2007). Penyiapan Lahan Tanpa Bakar untuk Penanaman. Departemen Kehutanan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan.
Herman (2015) Analysis of the farming system performance and the opportunity cost of CO2 emissions on peat farming system in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan. Proc Natl Semin ‘Farmers Agric Dev. https://doi.org/[accessed 2020 August 16] http://pse.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/pdffiles/Pros_2012_05A_MP_Herman.pdf
Hooijer A, Page S, Jauhiainen J, Lee WA, Lu XX, Idris A, Anshari G. (2012). Subsidence and carbon loss in drained tropical peatlands. Biogeosciences, 9, 1053–1071. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1053-2012
Ishii Y, Koizumi K, Fukami H, et al (2016) Groundwater in Peatland. In: Osaki M, Tsuji N (eds) Tropical Peatland Ecosystems. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 265–279
Jaenicke J, Wosten H, Budiman A, Siegert F (2010) Planning hydrological restoration of peatlands in Indonesia to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 15:223–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-010-9214-5
Joosten H, Clarke D. (2002). Wise Use of Mires and Peatlands – Background and Principles including a Framework for Decision-Making. International Peat Society; International Mire Conservation Group, Jyväskylä: Greifswald. ISBN 951-97744-8-3
Liu J, Bowman K, Schimel D, et al. (2017). Contrasting carbon cycle responses of the tropical continents to the 2015–2016 El Niño. Science, 358, 2015–2016. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam5690
Maulana SI, Syaufina L, Prasetyo LB, Aidi MN (2019) Pola Tutupan, Penggunaan, Serta Tantangan Kebijakan Perlindungan Ekosistem Gambut di Kabupaten Bengkalis. J Pengelolaan Sumberd Alam Dan Lingkung J Nat Resour Environ Manag 9:549–565. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.3.549-565
Moghadas S. (2009). Long-Term Water Balance of an Inland River Basin in an Arid Area, North-Western China. Master of Science Thesis in Water Resources Division of Water Resources Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, 75.
Neary DG, Ryan KC, Debano LF. (2005). Wildland fire in Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soils and Water, in: Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-Vol.4. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 250 p.
Page SE, Hooijer A. (2016). In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia. Phil Trans R Soc B 371: 20150176. DOI: 10.1098/rstb. 2015.0176
Page SE, Rieley JO, Shotyk OW, Weiss D. (1999). Interdependence of Peat and Vegetation in a Tropical Peat Swamp Forest, 14.
Page S, Hoscilo A, Langner A, et al (2019) Tropical peatland fires in Southeast Asia. 25
Pinem T. (2016). Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Gambut. Jurnal Gema Teologika, 1(2), 61-68.
Posa MRC, Wijedasa LS, Corlett RT (2011) Biodiversity and conservation of tropical peat swamp forests. BioScience, 61, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.10
Purnomo H, Puspitaloka D. (2020). Pembelajaran Pencegahan Kebakaran dan Restorasi Gambut Berbasis Masyarakat. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
Putra EI. (2011). The Effect of the Precipitation Pattern of the Dry Season on Peat Fire Occurrence in the Mega Rice Project Area, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tropics, vol. 19, no 4, p. 145–56.
Rezainy A, Syaufina L, Sitanggang IS (2020) Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Kebakaran Di Lahan Gambut Berdasarkan Pola Sekuens Titik Panas Di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau Kalimantan Tengah. J Pengelolaan Sumberd Alam Dan Lingkung J Nat Resour Environ Manag 10:66–76. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.1.66-76
Ritzema HP, Limin S, Kusin K, Jauhiainen J, Wösten H. (2014). Canal Blocking Strategies for Hydrological Restoration of Degraded Tropical Peatlands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. CATENA, vol. 114, p. 11–20.
Rossi PM, Ala-aho P, Doherty J, Kløve B (2014) Impact of peatland drainage and restoration on esker groundwater resources: modeling future scenarios for management. Hydrogeol J 22:1131–1145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1127-z
Silvius M, Suryadiputra N. (2005). Review of Policies and Practices in Tropical Peat Swamp Forest Management in Indonesia.
Simorangkir D (2006) Fire use: Is it really the cheaper land preparation method for large-scale plantations? Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 12:147–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-9049-2
Surahman A, Soni P, Shivakoti GP. (2018). Are peatland farming systems sustainable? Case study on assessing existing farming systems in the peatland of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Integr Environ Sci 15:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2017.1412326
Suriadikarta DA. (2009). Pembelajaran dari Kegagalan Penanganan Kawasan PLG Sejuta Hektar Menuju Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan [Learning from the failure of mega rice project towards sustainable peatland management]. Pengemb Inov Pertan Agric Dev Innov J 2(4):229–249.
Tapio-Biström ML, Joosten H, Tol S. (2012). Peatlands: Guidance for Climate Change Mitigation through Conservation, Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use. 2nd ed. Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture Series 5, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations : Wetlands International, 12 p.
Thompson DK, Benscoter BW, Waddington JM. (2014). Water balance of a burned and unburned forested boreal peatland: Water Balance of Boreal Peatlands Subject to Wildfire. Hydrol. Process. 28, 5954–5964. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10074.
Thornton SA, Dudin, Page SE, Upton C, & Harrison ME. (2018). Peatland fish of Sebangau, Borneo: Diversity, monitoring and conservation. Mires and Peat, 22(04), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2017.OMB.313
Van Seters TE, Price JS. (2001). The impact of peat harvesting and natural regeneration on the water balance of an abandoned cutover bog, Quebec. Hydrol. Process. 15, 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.145.
Wosten JHM, Ritzema HP. (1997). Land and Water Management Option for Peatland Development in Sarawak, Malaysia, International Peat Journal.
Wosten H, Ritzema H, Rieley J. (2008). Requirement for and Operational Aspects of Water Management in Tropical Peatlands. Int Symp Workshop Trop Peatl Peatl Dev Wise Use Impact Manag 222–240
Wosten H, Hooijer A, Siderius C, et al (2006) Tropical Peatland water management modelling of the Air Hitam Laut catchment in Indonesia. Int J River Basin Manag 4:233–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2006.9635293
Authors
GunawanH., AfriyantiD., HumamI. A., NugrahaF. C., WetadewiR. I., SurayahL., NugrohoA. and AntoniusS. (2020) “Peatland management without burning: alternative restoration efforts in (re)wet peatlands ”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 10(4), pp. 668-678. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.10.4.668-678.
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