Mercury (Hg) contamination in river water, well water, sediment and fish in Kuantan River, Riau
Abstract
Illegal gold mining activities still frequently occur in the Kuantan River, which is one of the main rivers in the district of Kuantan Singingi, Riau. This activity causes environmental contamination of mercury (Hg). The objective of this research was to determine the contamination of Hg in river water, well water, sediment and fish (baung and kapiek) in the Kuantan River, Riau. Samples were taken at up, middle and downstreams of the Kuantan River. Mercury was analized by following APHA and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods. The results were compared with the quality standard of pollution. The results showed that average of Hg concentration in river water, well water, sediment and fish were 0,0325 mg/l, 0,0202 – 0,0231 mg/l, 0,2083 mg/kg, 0,1141 - 0,1224 mg/kg. Statistical analysis indicated that the concentration of Hg in river water, well water (middle and downstream) and sediment were above the quality standard, while in the samples of baung and kapiek were below the quality standard. Hg concentrations significantly increased from up to downstream locations in river water and sediment, Hg concentrations significantly increased in 2 community wells in middle and downstream locations, significant Hg concentration was found in kapiek caught in midstream locations, while there was no significantly at the Hg concentration of baung in the research location.
References
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[CCME] Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 2002. Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines For The Protection Of Aquatic Life. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, Canada.
Edu EAB, Edwin-Wosu NL, Inegbedion A. 2015. Bio-monitoring of mangal sediments and tissues for heavy metal accumulation in the mangrove forest of cross River Estuary. Insight Ecology 4(1). Hal 46-52.
Hastika RG, Indang D, Alizar, Purwo S, Saiful A. 2017. Determination of mercury (Hg) on water sample in Batang Kuantan river. International coference of applied science on enginineering, business, linguistic and information technology (Ico-ASCNITech) Politeknik negeri padang and Politeknik ibrahim sultan 13- 15oktober. ISSN 2598-2532. Hal 305-308. [diakses 20 sep 2020]. https://osf.io/preprints/inarxiv/8ysm2/.
Ip CCM, Li XD, Zhang G, Wong CSC, Zhang WL. 2005. Heavy metal and Pb isotopic compositions of aquatic organisms in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Environmental Pollution. 138(3)494-504.
Johan T, Ediwarman. 2011. Dampak penambangan emas terhadap kualitas air sungai singingi di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Provinsi Riau. J Ilmu Lingkungan. 5(2)168-183.
[KEPMEN LH] Keputusan Kementerian Negara Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup Nomor: KEP-02/MENKLH/1988. Pedoman Penetapan Baku Mutu Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta (ID):KLHK. [diakses: 22 september 2020]. http://komara.weebly.com/peraturan_lingkungan/keputusan_menteri_negara_lingkungan-hidup-no-02-tahun-1988-tentang-pedoman-penetapan-baku-mutu-lingkungan-obsolete-untuk-bab-iv-dan-lampirannya
[KLHK] Direktorak Jendral Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2016. Atlas Status Mutu Air Indonesia Tahun 2016. Jakarta (ID): KLHK Pr.
Lihawa F, Mahmud M. 2012. Sebaran Spasial dan Temporal Kandungan Merkuri Pada Lokasi Pertambangan Emas Tradisional Di Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup dan Kependudukan Dana PNBP. Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gorontalo. Gorontalo.
McIntyre JK, Beauchamp DA. 2007. Age and trophic position dominate bioaccumulation of mercury and organochlorines in the food web of Lake Washington. Science Total Environment. 372(2-3)571–584.
[PBPOM] Peraturan Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Nomor 5 Tahun 2018. Batas maksimum cemaran logam berat dalam pangan olahan. [diakses: 22 september2020].file:///C:/Users/User/AppData/Local/Temp/0.%20salinan%20PerBPOM%205%20Tahun%202018%20Cemaran%20Logam%20Berat%20join.pdf
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Rezki M, Zulkarnaini, Sofia A. 2017. Kajian dampak penambangan emas tanpa izin (PETI) terhadap lingkungan Sungai Batang Kuantan Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi Riau. J Lingkungan. 11(2)106-115.
Riani E. 2012. Perubahan Iklim dan Kehidupan Biota Akuatik (Dampak pada Bioakumulasi Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun & Reproduksi). Bogor (ID): IPB Press. hlm 220.
Riani E, Sudarso Y, Cordova MR, 2014. Heavy metals effect on unviable larvae of Dicrotendipes simpsoni (Diptera: Chironomidae), a case study from Saguling Dam, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Concervation and Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society. 7(2)76-84.
Rochyatun E, Kaisupy MT, Rozak A. 2006. Distribusi logam berat dalam air dan sedimen di perairan muara Sungai Cisadane. Makara Sains. 10(1)35-40.
Sanchez-Chardi A, Penarroja-Matutano C, Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Nadal, J. 2007b. Bioaccumulation of metals and effects of a landfill in small mammals. Part II. The wood mouse. Apodemus sylvaticus Chemical. 70(1)101-109.
Sudarmadji. 2016. Pengelolaan sumberdaya air terpadu (Edisi ke-1). Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press. hlm 56-69.
Sudadi, Purwanto. 2003. Penentuan Kualitas air tanah melalui analisis unsur kimia terpilih. Buletin Geologi Tata Lingkungan. (13)2 81-89.
Taftazani A. 2004. Distribusi Konsentrasi Logam Berat Hg Dan Cr Pada Sampel Lingkungan Perairan Surabaya. Prosiding PPI – PDIPTN Pustek Akselerator dan Proses Bahan, PTAPB-BATAN, Yogyakarta, ISN: 0216 – 3128. hlm 36-45.
[US EPA] United States Enviromental Protect Agency. 1997. Mercury Study Report to Congress, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/452/R-96/001A-H. Hal 356-358.
Widhiyatna D, Tjahjono B, Gunrady R, Sukandar MM, Ta’in Z. 2005. Pendataan Sebaran Merkuri Di daerah Cineam, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat dan Sangon, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Di Yogyakarta. Yogjakarta (ID)Subdit Konservasi. 87-96.
Wulandari EE, Herawati Y, Arfiati D. 2012. Kandungan logam berat Pb pada air laut dan tiram Saccostrea glomerata sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan Prigi, Trenggalek, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan. 1(1)10-14.
Yulis PAR. 2018. Analisis kadar logam merkuri (Hg) dan (pH) air Sungai Kuantan terdampak penambangan emas tanpa ijin (PETI). J Pend Kimia. 2(1)28-31.
Zhang MC, Lijuan L, Sheng Y, Wang. 2009. Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals among sediments, water body and plants in Hengshuihu Wetland of Northern China. Ecological engineering. 35(4)563-369.
Zuhri A. 2015. Konflik pertambangan emas tanpa ijin (peti) di Desa Petapahan Kecamatan Gunung Toar Kabupaten Kuantan Singing. J FISIP. 2(2):1-12.
Authors
HasibuanD. K. A., RianiE. and AnwarS. (2021) “Mercury (Hg) contamination in river water, well water, sediment and fish in Kuantan River, Riau”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 10(4), pp. 679-687. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.10.4.679-687.
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