Behaviour and perception of community on peat fire in Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatera Province
Abstract
South Sumatera Province experienced the worst peat fires in 2015, where the larger area is located in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District. Human activity is a very important factor in causing forest and peatland fires,because in fact nearly almost 100 % of forest and land fires are caused by human. One of the purposes of this paper is to study the human activities that could trigger forest and peatland fires in OKI District. The results of this study are expected to produce information about the causes of fires and provide a scientific based information for policymakers to prevent forest and peatland fires in OKI District. This research was conducted in six villages in three sub-districts, Perigi and Riding Village in Pangkalan Lampam Sub-District; Ulak Depati and Jungkal Village in Pampangan Sub-District; and Pulu Beruang and Ujung Tanjung Village in Tulung Selapan Sub-District. This research method is field observations, interviews, and analyzing Terra/Aqua MODIS satellite imagery data to get the burned area. Based on the interview,it had been found that the main behavior of the community triggers peat fires is sonor, land preparation for plantation, and fishing. Terra/Aqua MODIS image analysis reveals that the area burned in 2015 and 2019, mostly occurred in swamp scrub and open land cover. The knowledge and perceptions of the people in OKI Regency on forest and peatland fire control are classified as moderate (56.7% - 83.3%). Community participation in outreach and training activities can increase people knowledge and perceptions on forest and peatland fire control. Public knowledge has an essential correlation with people's perceptions. Positive public perceptions on efforts to control fires will increase their participation. Community participation at the site level will determine the success of controlling forest and land fires.
References
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Chokkalingam U, Suyanto S, Permana RP, Kurniawan I, Mannes J, Darmawan A, Khususiyah N, Susanto RS. 2004. Pengelolaan Api, Perubahan Sumberdaya Alam dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat di Areal Rawa/Gambut-Sumatera Bagian Selatan. CIFOR Research Paper 979-3361-49-2.
Endrawati. 2016. Analisis Data Titik Panas (Hotspot) dan Areal Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Tahun 2016. Jakarta (ID). Direktorat Inventarisasi dan Pemantauan Sumber Daya Hutan, Ditjen Planologi Kehutanan dan Tata Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan
Endrawati, Purwanto J, Nugroho S, Sugardiman RA. 2018. Identifikasi Areal Bekas Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Menggunakan Analisis Semi Otomatis Citra Satelit Landsat. Di dalam: Windiastuti R, Oktaviani N, Oktaviani M, Suryanegara E, Pujawati I, et al.editor. Seminar Nasional Geomatika Tema Inovasi Teknologi Penyediaan Informasi Geospasial Untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. [Internet]. 2017 November 14; Bogor, Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Geomatika [diunduh 2020 Agustus 13]. Tersedia pada: https://semnas.big.go.id/index.php/SN/issue/view/4.
Hastuti S, Muin A, Thamrin E. 2014. Keanekaragaman Jenis Vegetasi Pada Hutan Rawa Gambut Sekunder dan Belukar Rawa Desa Sungai Pelang Kabupaten Ketapang. Jurnal Hutan Lestari. 2 (3): 435-443.
Hudiyani I, Ninuk P, Pang SA, Hardjanto. 2017. Persepsi Petani terhadap Hutan Rakyat Pola Agroforestri di Kabupaten Wonogiri Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Penyuluhan. 13 (1): 64-78.
Gaveau DLA, Salim MA, Hergoualc’h K, Locatelli B, Sloan S, Wooster M, Marlier ME, Molidena E, Yaen H, DeFries R et al. 2014. Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires. Scientific Reports.4(6112). http://doi.org/10.1038/srep061 12.
Giglio L, Descloiters J, Justice CO and Kaufman YJ. 2003. An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment. 87(2):273-282
[KLHK] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2015. The 2105 Land and Forest Fire In Indonesia: Impacts, Efforts and Expectations. Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta (ID). Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
[KLHK] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2019. Rekapitulasi Luas Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan (ha) per Provinsi di Indonesia Tahun 2014-2019 [Internet]. (diunduh 2019 Agustus 20). Tersedia pada: http://sipongi.menlhk.go.id/pdf/ luas_kebakaran.
[KLHK] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. 2019. Rekalkulasi Penutupan Lahan Indonesia Tahun 2018. Jakarta (ID). Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Larastiti C. 2018. Sonor Dan Bias Cetak Sawah Di Lahan Gambut. Jurnal Bhumi. 4(1): 67-87
Martin E, Winarno B. 2010. Peran parapihak dalam pemanfaatan lahan gambut; studi kasus di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir, Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan. 7(2): 81 – 95.
Masganti, Wahyunto, Dariah A, Nurhayati, Yusuf R. 2014. Karakteristik dan potensi pemanfaatan lahan gambut terdegradasi di Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan. 8:47-54.
Medrilzam, Dargusch P, Herbohn J, Smith C. 2013. The socio-ecological drivers of forest degradation in part of the tropical peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forestry. 87: 335–345. doi:10.1093/forestry/cpt033.
Murdiyarso D, Lebel L. 2007. Local to global perspectives on forest and land fires in Southeast Asia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 12(1): 3-11. ISSN: 1381-2386. doi: 10.1007/s11027-006-9055-4.
Nurlia A, Efendi Agus Waluyo, Edwin Martin. 2018. Efektivitas Kebijakan Pembukaan Lahan Tanpa Bakar dalam Mengurangi Kejadian Kebakaran di Lahan Gambut (Kasus di Rengas Merah, Kabupaten OKI, Sumatera Selatan). Di dalam: Hesti LT, Lailan S, Mamat R, Edwin M, editor. seminar nasional. [Internet]. 2018 Juli 25; Palembang, Indonesia. Prosiding merawat asa restorasi gambut, pencegahan kebakaran dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. [diunduh 2020 Mei 01]. Tersedia pada: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332555398.
Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor P.12/Menhut-II/2009. tanggal 23 Februari 2009 tentang Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan. Jakarta.
Ratmini NP dan Yohanes. 2013. Kajian Tanam Sistem Sonor terhadap Varietas Unggul Padi di Lahan Pasang Surut Sumatera Selatan
(Studi Kasus di Daerah Pasang Surut Telang). Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal. 2(1): 75-80
Saharjo BH. 2016. Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan dan atau Lahan Indonesia. Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
Saharjo BH, Syaufina L, Nurhayati AD, Putra EI, Wardana. 2017. Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut dan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca. Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
Sarwono J. 2006. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan SPSS 13. Bandung (ID): Andi.
Sugiarto, Dergibson siagian, Lasmono TS, Deny SO. 2001. Teknik sampling. Jakarta (ID). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Sugiyono. 2011. Statistik non parametrik untuk penelitian. Bandung (ID). Alfabeta.
Suratmo FG, Husaeni EA, Jaya NS (Ed.). 2003. Pengetahuan dasar pengendalian kebakaran hutan. Bogor (ID). Fakultas Kehutanan IPB.
Syachroni SH, Sutarmo Iskandar, Mad Deris. 2019. Kontribusi tanaman sub sektor kehutanan terhadap pendapatan masyarakat di desa pematang kasih kecamatan pematang panggang kabupaten ogan komering ilir (OKI) provinsi sumatera selatan. Jurnal Sylva. VIII (1): 30-37.
Syaufina L. 2008. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia: Perilaku api, penyebab dan dampak kebakaran. Malang (ID): Bayumedia Publishing.
Thoha, Miftah. 2003. Kepemimpinan dalam manajemen: suatu pendekatan perilaku. Jakarta (ID): Raja Grafindo Persada
Trinirmalaningrum, Dalidjo N, Siahaan FR, Widyanto U, Achsan IA, Primandari T, Wardana KW. 2015. Di Balik Tragedi Asap: Catatan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan 2015. Jakarta (ID): Asia Foundation.
Wahyunto, Ritung S, Subagjo H. 2005. Sebaran Gambut dan Kandungan Karbon Pulau Sumatera/ Peat Distributions and Carbon Contents of Sumatera Island (Buku 1). Bogor (ID): Wetlands International Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).
Wahyunto, Ritung S, Nugroho K, Sulaiman Y, Hikmarullah, Tafakresnanto C, Suparto Sukarman. 2013. Bogor (ID): Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Peta Arahan lahan Gambut Terdegradasi di Pulau Sumatera Skala 1:250.000Pertanian.
Watts AC, Kobziar LN. 2012. Smoldering Combustion in Organic Soils: Peat and Muck Fires in the Southeastern US. Southern Fire Exchange.
World Bank Group. 2016. Kerugian dari Kebakaran Hutan: Analisa Dampak Ekonomi dari Krisis Kebakaran Hutan Tahun 2015. Jakarta (ID): World Bank
Authors
NurhayatiA. D., Hero SaharjoB., SundawatiL., Syartinillia and VetritaY. (2020) “Behaviour and perception of community on peat fire in Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatera Province”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 10(4), pp. 568-583. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.10.4.568-583.
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