STUDI ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN PANGAN YANG TIDAK DIBUDIDAYAKAN OLEH MASYARAKAT LOKAL SUB-ETNIS BATAK TOBA, DI DESA PEADUNGDUNG SUMATERA UTARA, INDONESIA
Article Sidebar
Accepted
16 April 2018
Published
1 August 2018
Keywords:
-
Arundina graminifolia, batak toba, Calamus javensis
Abstract
The Batak Toba sub-ethnic is an indegenous tribe in Sumatra Island, who has local knowledge of using plants as food (edible plants). This study aims to (1) document the non-cultivated plants used by Batak Toba sub-ethnic as edible plants; (2) compare the quantitative values of edible plants by Batak Toba sub-ethnic. The study was conducted with ethnobotany approach through surveys and parcifative observations. The interviews were conducted toward key informants (7 people) and the general respondents (30 people). The general respondents were grouped into 17-30 years old, 30-50 years old, more than 50 years old, which the numbers of each were 10 respondents. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative analysis was done by calculating the relative frequency of citation (RFC), and informant consensus factor (ICF). This research found a total of 44 species belonging to the 28 families and 40 genera have been used by Batak Toba sub-ethnic as edible plants. The edible plants have been used as vegetables (18 species), fruits (16 species), spices (6 species), and drinks (3 species). The mean of species known by respondents were 15.8 ± 5.18 (17-30 years old), 23.2 ± 3.58 (30-50 years old), 26.8 ± 4.66 (> 50 years old) and 36.85 ± 5.11 (key informants). The IFC values of edible plants were 0.943 (spices) - 0.968 (drinks). A total of nine species of foodstuffs have been known by all respondents (RFC = 1.0). The utilization of Calamus javensis and Arundina graminifolia, as foodstuffs are going to be further investigated as low-calorie of carbohydrate sources.
References
Adelina, K., E. Wardenaar, L. Sisilia, 2014. Kajian etnobotani dan fisiko kimia kulit kayu laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) di Desa Lape Kecamatan Kapuas Kabupaten Sanggau Kalimantan Barat. Portal Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Tanjungpura. 5, pp. 92-99.
Aini, R.A., 2016. Etnobotani pangan masyarakat etnis Karo di Desa Semangat Gunung, Kecamatan Merdeka, Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Departemen Biologi FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Americo, G.M., 2014. Food and identity: food studies, cultural, and personal identity. Journal International Bus Cult Stud. 8, pp. 1-7.
Anggraeni, R., 2013. Etnobotani masyarakat subetnis Batak Toba di Desa Peadungdung, Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Departemen Biologi,
Ajiningrum, P.S., 2011. Valuasi potensi keanekaragaman jenis hasil hutan non kayu (HHNK) masyarakat lokal Dayak Lundayeh dan Uma’lung di Kabupaten Malinau Kalimantan Timur. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana, Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Alexiades, M. N., J.W. Sheldon, 1996. Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York.
Bangun, P., 2010. Kebudayaan Batak. Dalam: Koentjaraningrat. 2010. Manusia dan Kebudayaan di Indonesia. Djambatan, Jakarta: 94-117.
Begossi, A., N. Hanazaki, J. Tamashiro, 2002. Medicinal plants in the Atlantic Forest (Brazil): knowledge, use, and conservation. Human Ecology. 30, pp. 281-299.
Cronquist, A., 1988. The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. Second Edition. New York: Columbia University Press.
Cruz-Garcia, G.S., P.C. Struik, 2015. Spatial and seasonal diversity of wild food plants in home gardens of Northeast Thailand. Economic Botany. 69(2), pp. 99-113.
Cornara, L., A. La Rocca, L. Terrizzano, F. Dente, M.G. Mariotti, 2014. Ethnobotanical and phytomedical knowledge in the North-Western Ligurian Alps. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 155, pp. 463-484.
De Lorgeril, M., S. Renaud, N. Mamelle, P. Salen, J.L. Martin, I. Monjaud, J. Guidollet, P. Touboul, J. Delaye, 1994. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acidrich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 11(343), pp. 1454–1459.
Harborne, J.B., 1987. Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan, Ed. II. Diterjemahkan oleh Kosasih Padmawinata dan Iwang Soedira. ITB Press, Bandung.
Heinrich, M., M. Leonti, S. Nebel, W. Peschel, 2005. Local food nutraceuticals: An example of a multidisciplinary research project on local knowledge. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 56(S), pp. 5-22.
Iskandar, J., B.S. Iskandar, 2015. Studi etnobotani keanekaragaman tanaman pangan pada “sistem huma” dalam menunjang keamanan pangan orang Baduy. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas. 1(6), pp.1265-1272.
Ikegami, S., 1997. Tuak dalam masyarakat Batak Toba. Laporan Singkat tentang Aspek Sosial-Budaya Penggunaan Nira. Annual Report of the University of Shizuoka. Hamamatsu College No.11-3, 1997, Part 5.
Ju, Y., J. Zhuo, B. Lui, C. Long, 2013. Eating from the wild: diversity of wild edible plants used by Tibetans in Shangri-la-region, Yunnan, China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 9(28).
Keller, G.B., H. Mandiga, B.L. Maass, 2005. Diversity and genetic erosion of traditional vegetables in Tanzania from the farmer’s point of view. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization. 3, pp. 400-413.
Kementrian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia, 2013. Laporan Akhir: Analisis Dinamika Konsumsi Pangan Masyarakat Indonesia. Pusat Kebijakan Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Perdagangan, Kementrian Perdagangan.
Leonti, M., S. Nebel, D. Rivera, M. Heinrich, 2006. Wild gathered food plants in the European mediterranean: a comparative analysis. Economic Botany. 60 (2), pp.130-142.
Martin, G.J., 1995. Ethnobotany A People and Plants Conservation Manual. Chapman and Hall. London, UK.
Macbeth, H., J. Mac Clancy, 2004. Researching Food Habits: Methods and Problems. Berghahn Books, New York.
Mairida, D., Muhadiono, I. Hilwan, 2016. Ethnobotanical study of rattans on suku Anak Dalam Community in Bukit Duabelas nasionalpark. Biosaintifika. 8 (1), pp. 64-70.
Oke, M., J. K. Jacob, G. Paliyath, 2012. Biochemistry of Fruit Processing. in: Simpson, B.K. 2012. Food biochemistry and food processing, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 554-568.
Pieroni, A., 2001. Evaluation of the cultural significance of wild food botanicals traditionally consumed in Northwestern Tuscany, Italy. Journal Ethnobiology. 21, pp. 89-104.
Pieroni, A., Nebel, S., Santoro, R. F., M. Heinrich, 2005. Food for two seasons: Culinary uses of non-cultivated local vegetables and mushrooms in a south Italian village. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 56(4), pp. 245-272.
Purba, E. C., 2015. Etnobotani masyarakat etnis Karo di Kecamatan Merdeka, Sumatera Utara. Tesis. Program Studi Biologi, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Rauf, A.W., M.S. Lestari, 2009. Pemanfaatan komoditas pangan lokal sebagai sumber pangan alternatif di Papua. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. 28(2), pp. 54-62.
The Plantlist, 2017. The Plantlist Database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. Downloadable from: http:// www.theplantlist.org.
Sari, D.A., 2011. Etnoekologi masyarakat Kerinci di Kabupaten Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana, Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Susanti, H., 2015. Studi etnobotani sayuran lokal khas rawa di pasar Martapura Kalimantan Selatan. Ziraa’ah. 40(2), pp. 140-144.
Solittstoesser, W.E., 1990. Vegetable Growing Handbook: Organic And TraditionalMethods. Chapman dan Hall, New York.
Silalahi, M., 2014. The Ethnomedicine of The Medicinal Plants in Sub-ethnic Batak North Sumatra and The Conservation Perspective. Disertation. Program Studi Biologi, Program Pasca Sarjana, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia.
Silalahi, M., J. Supriatna, E. B. Walujo, Nisyawati, 2015. Local knowledge of medicinal plants in sub-ethnic Batak Simalungun of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 16 (1), pp. 44-54.
Sujarwo, W., G. Caneva, 2016. Using quantitative indices to evaluate the cultural importance of food and nutraceutical plants: Comparative data from the Island of Bali (Indonesia). Journal of Cultural Heritage. 18, pp. 342-348.
Sujarwo, W., I.B.K. Arinasa, F. Salomone, G. Caneva, S. Fattorini, 2014. Cultural erosion of Balinese indigenous knowledge of food and nutraceutical plants. Economic Botany. 68(4), pp. 426-437.
Sujarwo, W., I.B.K. Arinasa, G. Caneva, P.M. Guarrera, 2015. Traditional knowledge of wild and semi-wild edible plants used in Bali (Indonesia) to maintain biological and cultural diversity. Plant Biosystem.
Stuessy, T.F., 1990. Plant Taxonomy The Systematic Evolution of Comperative Data. Colombian University Press.
Tardío, J., M. Pardo-De-Santayana, R. Morales, 2006. Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants in Spain. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 152, pp. 27-71.
Tardío, J., M. Pardo-de-Santayana, 2008. Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of Southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Economic Botany 62, pp. 24-39.
Trotter, R.T., M.H. Logan, 1986. Informant Consensus: A New Approach for Identifyingpotentially Effective Medicinal Plants, in: N.L. Etkin (Ed.), Plants in Indigenousmedicine and Diet, Redgrave Publishing Company, New York, pp. 91- 112.
Trichopoulou, A., P. Lagiou, H. Kuper, D. Trichopoulos, 2000. Cancer and Mediterranean diet traditions. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 9, pp. 869-873.
Viuda-Martos, M., J. A. Péres-Álvarez, J. Fernández-López, 2014. Functional antioxidant foods. in: Bartosz, G. 2014. Food oxidants andantioxidants: chemical, biological, and functional properties. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 489-529.
Voeks, R.A., A. Leony, 2004. Forgetting the forest: assessing medicinal plant erosion in eastern Brazil. Economic Botany. 58, pp. 294-306.
Aini, R.A., 2016. Etnobotani pangan masyarakat etnis Karo di Desa Semangat Gunung, Kecamatan Merdeka, Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Departemen Biologi FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Americo, G.M., 2014. Food and identity: food studies, cultural, and personal identity. Journal International Bus Cult Stud. 8, pp. 1-7.
Anggraeni, R., 2013. Etnobotani masyarakat subetnis Batak Toba di Desa Peadungdung, Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Departemen Biologi,
Ajiningrum, P.S., 2011. Valuasi potensi keanekaragaman jenis hasil hutan non kayu (HHNK) masyarakat lokal Dayak Lundayeh dan Uma’lung di Kabupaten Malinau Kalimantan Timur. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana, Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Alexiades, M. N., J.W. Sheldon, 1996. Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York.
Bangun, P., 2010. Kebudayaan Batak. Dalam: Koentjaraningrat. 2010. Manusia dan Kebudayaan di Indonesia. Djambatan, Jakarta: 94-117.
Begossi, A., N. Hanazaki, J. Tamashiro, 2002. Medicinal plants in the Atlantic Forest (Brazil): knowledge, use, and conservation. Human Ecology. 30, pp. 281-299.
Cronquist, A., 1988. The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. Second Edition. New York: Columbia University Press.
Cruz-Garcia, G.S., P.C. Struik, 2015. Spatial and seasonal diversity of wild food plants in home gardens of Northeast Thailand. Economic Botany. 69(2), pp. 99-113.
Cornara, L., A. La Rocca, L. Terrizzano, F. Dente, M.G. Mariotti, 2014. Ethnobotanical and phytomedical knowledge in the North-Western Ligurian Alps. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 155, pp. 463-484.
De Lorgeril, M., S. Renaud, N. Mamelle, P. Salen, J.L. Martin, I. Monjaud, J. Guidollet, P. Touboul, J. Delaye, 1994. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acidrich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 11(343), pp. 1454–1459.
Harborne, J.B., 1987. Metode Fitokimia: Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan, Ed. II. Diterjemahkan oleh Kosasih Padmawinata dan Iwang Soedira. ITB Press, Bandung.
Heinrich, M., M. Leonti, S. Nebel, W. Peschel, 2005. Local food nutraceuticals: An example of a multidisciplinary research project on local knowledge. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 56(S), pp. 5-22.
Iskandar, J., B.S. Iskandar, 2015. Studi etnobotani keanekaragaman tanaman pangan pada “sistem huma” dalam menunjang keamanan pangan orang Baduy. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas. 1(6), pp.1265-1272.
Ikegami, S., 1997. Tuak dalam masyarakat Batak Toba. Laporan Singkat tentang Aspek Sosial-Budaya Penggunaan Nira. Annual Report of the University of Shizuoka. Hamamatsu College No.11-3, 1997, Part 5.
Ju, Y., J. Zhuo, B. Lui, C. Long, 2013. Eating from the wild: diversity of wild edible plants used by Tibetans in Shangri-la-region, Yunnan, China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 9(28).
Keller, G.B., H. Mandiga, B.L. Maass, 2005. Diversity and genetic erosion of traditional vegetables in Tanzania from the farmer’s point of view. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization. 3, pp. 400-413.
Kementrian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia, 2013. Laporan Akhir: Analisis Dinamika Konsumsi Pangan Masyarakat Indonesia. Pusat Kebijakan Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Perdagangan, Kementrian Perdagangan.
Leonti, M., S. Nebel, D. Rivera, M. Heinrich, 2006. Wild gathered food plants in the European mediterranean: a comparative analysis. Economic Botany. 60 (2), pp.130-142.
Martin, G.J., 1995. Ethnobotany A People and Plants Conservation Manual. Chapman and Hall. London, UK.
Macbeth, H., J. Mac Clancy, 2004. Researching Food Habits: Methods and Problems. Berghahn Books, New York.
Mairida, D., Muhadiono, I. Hilwan, 2016. Ethnobotanical study of rattans on suku Anak Dalam Community in Bukit Duabelas nasionalpark. Biosaintifika. 8 (1), pp. 64-70.
Oke, M., J. K. Jacob, G. Paliyath, 2012. Biochemistry of Fruit Processing. in: Simpson, B.K. 2012. Food biochemistry and food processing, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 554-568.
Pieroni, A., 2001. Evaluation of the cultural significance of wild food botanicals traditionally consumed in Northwestern Tuscany, Italy. Journal Ethnobiology. 21, pp. 89-104.
Pieroni, A., Nebel, S., Santoro, R. F., M. Heinrich, 2005. Food for two seasons: Culinary uses of non-cultivated local vegetables and mushrooms in a south Italian village. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 56(4), pp. 245-272.
Purba, E. C., 2015. Etnobotani masyarakat etnis Karo di Kecamatan Merdeka, Sumatera Utara. Tesis. Program Studi Biologi, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Rauf, A.W., M.S. Lestari, 2009. Pemanfaatan komoditas pangan lokal sebagai sumber pangan alternatif di Papua. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. 28(2), pp. 54-62.
The Plantlist, 2017. The Plantlist Database. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. Downloadable from: http:// www.theplantlist.org.
Sari, D.A., 2011. Etnoekologi masyarakat Kerinci di Kabupaten Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana, Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Indonesia, Depok.
Susanti, H., 2015. Studi etnobotani sayuran lokal khas rawa di pasar Martapura Kalimantan Selatan. Ziraa’ah. 40(2), pp. 140-144.
Solittstoesser, W.E., 1990. Vegetable Growing Handbook: Organic And TraditionalMethods. Chapman dan Hall, New York.
Silalahi, M., 2014. The Ethnomedicine of The Medicinal Plants in Sub-ethnic Batak North Sumatra and The Conservation Perspective. Disertation. Program Studi Biologi, Program Pasca Sarjana, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia.
Silalahi, M., J. Supriatna, E. B. Walujo, Nisyawati, 2015. Local knowledge of medicinal plants in sub-ethnic Batak Simalungun of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 16 (1), pp. 44-54.
Sujarwo, W., G. Caneva, 2016. Using quantitative indices to evaluate the cultural importance of food and nutraceutical plants: Comparative data from the Island of Bali (Indonesia). Journal of Cultural Heritage. 18, pp. 342-348.
Sujarwo, W., I.B.K. Arinasa, F. Salomone, G. Caneva, S. Fattorini, 2014. Cultural erosion of Balinese indigenous knowledge of food and nutraceutical plants. Economic Botany. 68(4), pp. 426-437.
Sujarwo, W., I.B.K. Arinasa, G. Caneva, P.M. Guarrera, 2015. Traditional knowledge of wild and semi-wild edible plants used in Bali (Indonesia) to maintain biological and cultural diversity. Plant Biosystem.
Stuessy, T.F., 1990. Plant Taxonomy The Systematic Evolution of Comperative Data. Colombian University Press.
Tardío, J., M. Pardo-De-Santayana, R. Morales, 2006. Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants in Spain. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 152, pp. 27-71.
Tardío, J., M. Pardo-de-Santayana, 2008. Cultural importance indices: a comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of Southern Cantabria (Northern Spain). Economic Botany 62, pp. 24-39.
Trotter, R.T., M.H. Logan, 1986. Informant Consensus: A New Approach for Identifyingpotentially Effective Medicinal Plants, in: N.L. Etkin (Ed.), Plants in Indigenousmedicine and Diet, Redgrave Publishing Company, New York, pp. 91- 112.
Trichopoulou, A., P. Lagiou, H. Kuper, D. Trichopoulos, 2000. Cancer and Mediterranean diet traditions. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 9, pp. 869-873.
Viuda-Martos, M., J. A. Péres-Álvarez, J. Fernández-López, 2014. Functional antioxidant foods. in: Bartosz, G. 2014. Food oxidants andantioxidants: chemical, biological, and functional properties. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 489-529.
Voeks, R.A., A. Leony, 2004. Forgetting the forest: assessing medicinal plant erosion in eastern Brazil. Economic Botany. 58, pp. 294-306.
Authors
SilalahiM., NisyawatiN. and AnggraeniR. (2018) “STUDI ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN PANGAN YANG TIDAK DIBUDIDAYAKAN OLEH MASYARAKAT LOKAL SUB-ETNIS BATAK TOBA, DI DESA PEADUNGDUNG SUMATERA UTARA, INDONESIA”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 8(2), pp. 241-250. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.8.2.241-250.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
