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Accepted
24 February 2017
Published
1 December 2016
Keywords:
-
agroforestry techniques, biodiversity, fauna, flora, land resources, local community, mangrove
Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelagic country of more than 17,504 islands (28 big islands and 17,475 small islands) with the length of coastline estimated at 95,181 km, which bears mangroves from several meters to several kilometers. They are estimated at 3.2 million hectares growing extensively in the five big islands (Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua) with various community types comprising of about 157 species (52 species of trees, 21 species of shrubs, 13 species of lyana, seven species of palms, 14 species of grasses, eight species of herbs, three species of parasites, 36 species of epiphytes, three species of ferns). The mangroves resources in Indonesia involve the flora, fauna, and land resources which are needed for supporting many kinds of human needs, especially for local community living in surrounding mangroves. For centuries, the Indonesian people have traditionally utilized mangroves. The most significant value of mangrove utilization is the gathering of forest products, classified into timber and non-timber products. The timber refers to poles and firewood, charcoal, and construction materials (e.g. housing material and fishing gears); the latter include tannin, medicines, dye, nypa thatch and shingles, nypa sap for vinegar and winemaking, and food drinks. Traditional uses of mangrove forest products are mainly the direct utilization of the products, usually in small scale. Beside of those, local community are used to utilizing associated mangrove aquatic fauna for supporting their daily life as well as utilizing mangrove habitat for multipurpose uses through agroforestry techniques (silvofishery, agrosilvofishery, agrosilvopastoralfishery systems). So that, the good mangrove ecosystem serves luxurious both flora and fauna species (biodiversity) as well as their abundance for signicantly supporting the welfare of coastal community
References
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[2] [Bakosurtanal] Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional, 2009. Peta Mangroves Indonesia. Cibinong: Pusat Survey Sumber Daya Alam Laut Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional.
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[12] Kanapathy, K., 1971. Studies on the reclamation of acid swamp soils. Malay. Agric. J. 48, pp. 33-46.
[13] Kusmana, C., 1993. A study on mangrove forest management based on ecological data in East Sumatra, Indonesia. PhD. Dissertation, Kyoto University, Japan.
[14] Macnae, W., 1968. A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo-West Pacific re-gion. Advances in Marine Biology 6, pp.74-241.
[15] Mazda, Y., M. Magi, M. Kogo and P. Ng. Hong, 1997. Man-groves as a coastal protection from waves in the Tong King Delta, Vietnam. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 1, pp. 127-135.
[16] Snedaker, S.C., 1978. Mangrove: their value and perpetua-tion. Nature and Resources 14, pp.6-13.
[17] Sukardjo, S and S. Akhmad., 1982. The mangrove forests of Java and Bali. Biotrop Spec. Publ. (17), pp 113-126.
[18] Sukardjo, S., 2004. Fisheries associated with mangrove eco-system in Indonesia: a view from a mangrove ecologist. Bio-tropia 23, pp.13-39.
[19] Sukardjo, S., 2007. Mangrove biodiversity: the socio eco-nomic and conservation perspective in Indonesia. Paper sub-mitted to Wetland Ecology and Management.
[20] Tomlinson, P.B., 1984. The botany of mangrove. Cam-bridge University Press. UK.
[21] van Steenis, C.G.G.J., 1958. Ecology – the introductory part to the Rhizophoraceae. Flora Mal. 5, pp. 431-441.
[22] van Steenis, C.G.G.J and M.J. Kruseman, 1953. Select Indo-nesian medicinal plant. Org. Sc. Res. Indon. Bull. 18, pp.1-90.
[23] Versteegh, F., 1951. Proeve vaan een bedrijfsregeling voor de vloebosschen van Bengkalis. Tectona DLXLI, pp.202-258.
[2] [Bakosurtanal] Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional, 2009. Peta Mangroves Indonesia. Cibinong: Pusat Survey Sumber Daya Alam Laut Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional.
[3] Becking, J.H., L.G.den Berger and H.W. Meindersma, 1922. Vloed of mangroveboschen in Ned.Indie. Tectona 15, pp.561-611.
[4] Boon, D.A., 1936. De inrichting van de vloorexploitatie in samenwerking kommende bosschen in de afdeeling Bengka-lis, benevens eenige opmarkeningen omtret de samenstelling de rte plaatse vorkommende moerasbosschen. Tectona 29. pp.344-374.
[5] Bumarlong, A.A., 1976. Tannin from our mangrove species. Canopy 2 (4), pp. 1-9.
[6] Carter, J., 1959. Mangrove succession and coastal changes in S.W. Malaya. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. 26pp. 79-88.
[7] Diposaptono, S, Budiman, 2008. Hidup Akrab dengan Gem-pa dan Tsunami. PT Sarana Komunikasi Utama, Bogor
[8] Hamilton, L.S and S.C. Snedaker (eds.), 1984. Handbooks for mangrove areas management. IUCN-UNESCO. pp.123.
[9] Harada, K. and Y. Kawata,. 2004. Study on the Effect of Coastal Forest to Tsunamy Reduction. Annuals of Disaster Prevention, Research Institute of Kyoto Univ. No.47C
[10] Heyne, K, 1950. De nuttige planten van Netherlandsch Indie. Buitenzorg. 2vols.
[11] Hutching, P. and P. Saenger, 1987. Ecology of mangrove. University of Queensland Press, Queensland, Australia.
[12] Kanapathy, K., 1971. Studies on the reclamation of acid swamp soils. Malay. Agric. J. 48, pp. 33-46.
[13] Kusmana, C., 1993. A study on mangrove forest management based on ecological data in East Sumatra, Indonesia. PhD. Dissertation, Kyoto University, Japan.
[14] Macnae, W., 1968. A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo-West Pacific re-gion. Advances in Marine Biology 6, pp.74-241.
[15] Mazda, Y., M. Magi, M. Kogo and P. Ng. Hong, 1997. Man-groves as a coastal protection from waves in the Tong King Delta, Vietnam. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 1, pp. 127-135.
[16] Snedaker, S.C., 1978. Mangrove: their value and perpetua-tion. Nature and Resources 14, pp.6-13.
[17] Sukardjo, S and S. Akhmad., 1982. The mangrove forests of Java and Bali. Biotrop Spec. Publ. (17), pp 113-126.
[18] Sukardjo, S., 2004. Fisheries associated with mangrove eco-system in Indonesia: a view from a mangrove ecologist. Bio-tropia 23, pp.13-39.
[19] Sukardjo, S., 2007. Mangrove biodiversity: the socio eco-nomic and conservation perspective in Indonesia. Paper sub-mitted to Wetland Ecology and Management.
[20] Tomlinson, P.B., 1984. The botany of mangrove. Cam-bridge University Press. UK.
[21] van Steenis, C.G.G.J., 1958. Ecology – the introductory part to the Rhizophoraceae. Flora Mal. 5, pp. 431-441.
[22] van Steenis, C.G.G.J and M.J. Kruseman, 1953. Select Indo-nesian medicinal plant. Org. Sc. Res. Indon. Bull. 18, pp.1-90.
[23] Versteegh, F., 1951. Proeve vaan een bedrijfsregeling voor de vloebosschen van Bengkalis. Tectona DLXLI, pp.202-258.
Authors
KusmanaC. and SukristijionoS. (2016) “MANGROVE RESOURCE USES BY LOCAL COMMUNITY IN INDONESIA”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 6(2), p. 217. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.6.2.217.
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