PRODUKSI DAN PEMASARAN KAKAO DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to analyze the factors that affect the production of cocoa, identify the marketing channels of cocoa, analyze marketing margins received by marketing institutions, and determine the part of the price received by farmers. This study used a survey method to cocoa farmers and large traders (collectors). The analysis of production used Cobb-Douglas function while performance analysis was used to analyze the structure of behavioral marketing and market diversity. The results showed that factors affecting cocoa production in the district of Padang Pariaman and significantly influential as the input are labor, manure, chemical fertilizers, land area, number of crop yield and farmer’s education. The performance of cocoa marketing in Padang Pariaman District was not efficient, based on indicators of marketing margins, small parts of prices received by farmers and farmers markets not yet integrated with market traders in the district level. In the cocoa marketing activities in Padang Pariaman District, the largest margin was received by the village merchant marketing channel III. The amount of prices received by farmers can be determined from the marketing margin. If the part of the marketing margin is higher, the part of prices received by farmers will be smaller, as the case in marketing channels I and III. So the marketing channel II provides the most part of prices for the cocoa farmers in Padang Pariaman district. To increase the production and marketing of cocoa in Padang Pariaman District, several approaches could be implemented such as coaching, strengthening and empowering farmer groups that already exist.
Keywords: cocoa, factors production, marketing channels, Padang Pariaman
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi kakao, mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran kakao, menganalisis margin pemasaran yang diterima lembaga pemasaran, dan menentukan besarnya bagian harga yang diterima petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey kepada petani kakao dan pedagang besar (pengepul). Analisis produksi menggunakan fungsi Cobb-Douglas dan analisis performent digunakan untuk menganalisis struktur pemasaran perilaku, dan keragaman pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan berpengaruh secara nyata sebagai input adalah tenaga kerja, pupuk kandang, pupuk kimia, luas lahan, jumlah tanaman menghasilkan dan pendidikan petani. Kinerja pemasaran kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman tidak efisien, hal ini berdasarkan indikator besarnya margin pemasaran, kecilnya bagian harga yang diterima petani dan belum terintegrasinya pasar ditingkat petani dengan pasar ditingkat pedagang kabupaten. Pada kegiatan pemasaran kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, margin terbesar diterima oleh pedagang nagari pada saluran pemasaran III. Bagian harga yang diterima petani dapat ditentukan dari margin pemasaran. Dimana semakin besar margin pemasaran maka bagian harga yang diterima petani akan semakin kecil, seperti yang terjadi pada saluran pemasaran I dan III. Sehingga saluran pemasaran II yang memberikan bagian harga tertinggi pada petani kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Dalam meningkatkan produksi dan pemasaran kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dapat dilakukan dengan pembinaan, penguatan dan pemberdayaan kelompok tani yang sudah ada.
Kata kunci: kakao, faktor produksi, saluran pemasaran, Padang Pariaman
The purposes of this study were to analyze the factors that affect the production of cocoa, identify the marketing channels of cocoa, analyze marketing margins received by marketing institutions, and determine the part of the price received by farmers. This study used a survey method to cocoa farmers and large traders (collectors). The analysis of production used Cobb-Douglas function while performance analysis was used to analyze the structure of behavioral marketing and market diversity. The results showed that factors affecting cocoa production in the district of Padang Pariaman and significantly influential as the input are labor, manure, chemical fertilizers, land area, number of crop yield and farmer’s education. The performance of cocoa marketing in Padang Pariaman District was not efficient, based on indicators of marketing margins, small parts of prices received by farmers and farmers markets not yet integrated with market traders in the district level. In the cocoa marketing activities in Padang Pariaman District, the largest margin was received by the village merchant marketing channel III. The amount of prices received by farmers can be determined from the marketing margin. If the part of the marketing margin is higher, the part of prices received by farmers will be smaller, as the case in marketing channels I and III. So the marketing channel II provides the most part of prices for the cocoa farmers in Padang Pariaman district. To increase the production and marketing of cocoa in Padang Pariaman District, several approaches could be implemented such as coaching, strengthening and empowering farmer groups that already exist.
Keywords: cocoa, factors production, marketing channels, Padang Pariaman
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi kakao, mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran kakao, menganalisis margin pemasaran yang diterima lembaga pemasaran, dan menentukan besarnya bagian harga yang diterima petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey kepada petani kakao dan pedagang besar (pengepul). Analisis produksi menggunakan fungsi Cobb-Douglas dan analisis performent digunakan untuk menganalisis struktur pemasaran perilaku, dan keragaman pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan berpengaruh secara nyata sebagai input adalah tenaga kerja, pupuk kandang, pupuk kimia, luas lahan, jumlah tanaman menghasilkan dan pendidikan petani. Kinerja pemasaran kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman tidak efisien, hal ini berdasarkan indikator besarnya margin pemasaran, kecilnya bagian harga yang diterima petani dan belum terintegrasinya pasar ditingkat petani dengan pasar ditingkat pedagang kabupaten. Pada kegiatan pemasaran kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, margin terbesar diterima oleh pedagang nagari pada saluran pemasaran III. Bagian harga yang diterima petani dapat ditentukan dari margin pemasaran. Dimana semakin besar margin pemasaran maka bagian harga yang diterima petani akan semakin kecil, seperti yang terjadi pada saluran pemasaran I dan III. Sehingga saluran pemasaran II yang memberikan bagian harga tertinggi pada petani kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Dalam meningkatkan produksi dan pemasaran kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dapat dilakukan dengan pembinaan, penguatan dan pemberdayaan kelompok tani yang sudah ada.
Kata kunci: kakao, faktor produksi, saluran pemasaran, Padang Pariaman
Authors
DanilD., FirdausM., & HartoyoS. (2014). PRODUKSI DAN PEMASARAN KAKAO DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis, 11(1), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.11.1.41-51
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