SIMULASI MODEL PENGEMBANGAN GASIFIKASI LISTRIK BERBASIS BIOMASA HUTAN TANAMAN ENERGI
Abstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi kebijakan pengembangan model gasifikasi listrik berbasis biomasa di daerah-daerah pinggiran, melalui pembangunan Hutan Tanaman Energi (HTE). Data primer dan sekunder diolah dengan regresi logit, gap analysis dan dirangkum dalam permodelan sistem dinamis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat sangat bergantung pada listrik dan produknya dan bersedia untuk membayar lebih akibat adanya listrik. Jika hutan tanaman dialokasikan untuk menyediakan biomasa yang akan digunakan untuk listrik maka strategi utama yang harus disiapkan adalah menjamin kepastian harga beli bahan baku biomasa sehingga menjamin kelayakan usaha pemegang ijin hutan tanaman. Pengembangan biomasa terutama kaliandra dipandang penting karena mampu menyediakan energi primer yang berdasarkan kajian ini masih jauh antara rencana dengan realisasi. Rasio elektrifikasi akan lebih cepat tercapai jika hutan tanaman energi dengan jenis kaliandra dikembangkan dengan serius. Untuk itu, strategi yang sesuai adalah menjamin harga bahan baku di angka Rp 400.000/ton dan pengaturan intensitas panen. Strategi pemungkin lain adalah subsidi untuk instalasi pembangkit listrik gasifikasi.
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