INSTRUMEN KEBIJAKAN UNTUK MENGATASI KONFLIK DI KAWASAN HUTAN KONSERVASI
Abstract
Setiap taman nasional memiliki tipologi konflik yang berbeda-beda. Konflik di Taman Nasional (TN) Leuser khususnya yang berada di Kabupaten Langkat disebabkan oleh kebijakan pemerintah yang mengizinkan perusahaan untuk melakukan pembinaan habitat dengan cara menebang pohon. Perambahan yang berujung konflik di Taman Nasional (TN) Tesso Nilo utamanya disebabkan oleh adanya kekosongan aktivitas rill dilapangan sebagai akibat dari adanya perpindahan pemegang hak konsesi. Penyebab konflik yang terjadi di Taman Nasional (TN) Bukit Duabelas, disebabkan karena aktivitas perladangan dan perkebunan masyarakat sudah berjalan sebelum Taman Nasional ditetapkan. Penyebab konflik di Taman Nasional (TN) Kutai adalah adanya deposit batubara yang ingin dikuasai oleh sekelompok oknum masyarakat dan penyebab konflik di Taman Nasional (TN) Halimun salak adalah adanya perbedaan persepsi antara para sesepuh adat dengan pemerintah dan adanya perluasan areal taman nasional yang sebelumnya merupakan areal hutan produksi milik perhutani. Masing-masing lokasi taman nasional memiliki akar permasalahan konflik yang berbeda, sehingga memerlukan instrumen kebijakan yang berbeda pula. Instrumen yang dapat digunakan diantaranya adalah instrumen regulasi, instrumen administrasi, instrumen fiskal, instumen ekonomi dan instrumen administrasi.
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