AUTONOMY-SUPPORTIVE OR AUTONOMY-THWARTING: THE ROLE OF PARENTING PROFILE IN PREDICTING SELF-REGULATED LEARNING IN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Autonomy-Supportive or Autonomy-Thwarting: Peran Profil Pengasuhan sebagai Prediktor Regulasi Diri dalam Belajar Mahasiswa Indonesia
Abstract
For the past three decades, self-regulated learning (SRL) has been a key focus in educational psychology, with both parenting and teaching strategies playing crucial roles. This study aims to examine the role of Helicopter Parenting (HP) on Indonesian college students’ SRL.Sampling was conducted using a non-probability approach, specifically employing a convenience sampling technique. A survey method was used to measure the perceptions of 256 Indonesian college students regarding their parents’ parenting profiles using the Helicopter Parenting Instrument – Short Version (HPI-S) and their SRL using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). The results indicate that HP significantly contributes to the development of SRL among Indonesian college students. This finding contradicts most previous studies. However, further analysis suggests that a significant portion of SRL variability remains unexplained by HP and may be influenced by other factors. Culture emerges as a crucial factor deserving attention and is discussed as a key influence on the outcomes of this research.
References
Ahn, J. S., Plamondon, A., & Ratelle, C. F. (2023). Different ways to support and thwart autonomy: Parenting profiles and adolescents’ career decision-making. Journal of Family Psychology, 37(2), 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000982
Aini, F., & Fatria, R. Q. (2023). Analisis motivated strategies for learning questionnaire pada mahasiswa program kartu Indonesia pintar-kuliah. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi MIND SET, 14(02), Article 02. https://doi.org/10.35814/mindset.v14i02.5762
Al-Ansori, A. N. (2023, August 23). Orangtua masa kini cenderung adopsi gaya parenting barat, pasti cocok diterapkan di Indonesia? Liputan 6. Retrieved February 24, 2025, from https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/5377667/orangtua-masa-kini-cenderung-adopsi-gaya-parenting-barat-pasti-cocok-diterapkan-di-indonesia
Alhamuddin. (2014). Sejarah kurikulum di Indonesia (studi analisis kebijakan pengembangan kurikulum). NUR EL-ISLAM: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Agama, 1(2), 48–58. https://ejurnal.iaiyasnibungo.ac.id/index.php/nurelislam/article/view/60
Alvi, E., & Gillies, R. M. (2020). Teachers and the teaching of self-regulated learning (SRL): The emergence of an integrative, ecological model of SRL-in-context. Education Sciences, 10(4), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10040098
Awiszus, A., Koenig, M., & Vaisarova, J. (2022). Parenting styles and their effect on child development and outcome. Journal of Student Research, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v11i3.3679
Barbour, L. (2019). Life lessons: Improving essential life skills for young people. The Sutton Trust. https://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Essential-Life-Skills-MAIN-report.pdf
Basmi, B., Burhan, B., Sigit, A., & Musa, S. (2022). Pengaruh self regulation learning dan efikasi diri terhadap hasil belajar melalui fasilitas belajar di UPBJJ Universitas Terbuka Makassar Pokjar Kabupaten Wajo. CJPE, 5(1), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.30605/cjpe.512022.1587
Bolang, C. M. V., Sahrani, R., & Tumanggor, R. (2017). Efektivitas pelatihan “strategi mengajar SRL” dalam meningkatkan self-efficacy dan SRL belief guru SD X. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni, 1(2), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v1i2.556
Brenner, C. (2022). Self-regulated learning, self-determination theory and teacher candidates’ development of competency-based teaching practices. Smart Learning Environments, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-021-00184-5
Chong, W. H. (2007). The role of personal agency beliefs in academic self-regulation: An Asian perspective. School Psychology International, 28(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034307075681
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative,, and mixed method approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
Díaz, A., & Eisenberg, N. (2015). The process of emotion regulation is different from individual differences in emotion regulation: Conceptual arguments and a focus on individual differences. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2015.959094
Dito, S. B., & Pujiastuti, H. (2021). Dampak Revolusi Industri 4.0 pada sektor pendidikan: Kajian literatur mengenai digital learning pada pendidikan dasar dan menengah. Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains, 4(2), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v4i2p59-65
Fitra, D. (2023). Kurikulum merdeka dalam pendidikan modern. Jurnal Inovasi Edukasi, 6(2), 148–156. https://doi.org/10.35141/jie.v6i2.953
Fousiani, K., Dimitropoulou, P., Michaelides, M. P., & Van Petegem, S. (2016). Perceived parenting and adolescent cyber-bullying: Examining the intervening role of autonomy and relatedness need satisfaction, empathic concern, and recognition of humanness. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(7), 2120–2129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0401-1
Fuadia, N. N. (2020). Parenting strategy for enhancing children’s self-regulated learning. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 14(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0414-6
Ghimby, AB. D. (2023). Pengaruh self regulated learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar. JOEL, 1(12), 2091–2104. https://doi.org/10.53625/joel.v1i12.3014
Gravetter, F. J., & Forzano, L. B. (2018). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hakim, M. A., Thontowi, H. B., Yuniarti, K. W., & Kim, U. (2012). The basis of children and their parents in Java, ngemong: Indigenous psychological analysis. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 1(2), 3–16.
Hanif, M. H. R. (2023). The role of parenting style on children’s healthy lifestyle: Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v9i2.2231
Hannan, H., & Wahyuningsih, H. (2022). Pola asuh dan perundungan: Tiga level meta analisis. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 15(1), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2022.15.1.76
Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 30, pp. 1–46). Academic Press.
Higgins, E. T., Pierro, A., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2008). Re-thinking culture and personality: How self-regulatory universals create cross-cultural differences. In R. M. Sorrentino & S. Yamaguchi (Eds.), Motivation and cognition across cultures (pp. 161–190). Academic Press.
Indrarta, Y., Jalinus, N., Waskito, W., Samala, A. D., Riyanda, A. R., & Adi, N. H. (2022). Relevansi kurikulum merdeka belajar dengan model pembelajaran abad 21 dalam perkembangan era society 5.0. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(2), 3011–3024. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i2.2369
Intes, A., Xavier, E., & Nitin, M. (2024). Self regulated learning: Its role and influence in increasing student achievement and interest in learning. International Journal of Educational Narratives, 2(3), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.70177/ijen.v2i3.1078
Isufi, A., & Haskuka, M. (2024). Parenting styles and teacher interaction on self-regulated learning and academic performance. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2024.2365881
Jaramillo, J. M., Rendón, M. I., Muñoz, L., Weis, M., & Trommsdorff, G. (2017). Children’s self-regulation in cultural contexts: The role of parental socialization theories, goals, and practices. Frontiers in Psychology, 8.
Johansen, M. O., Eliassen, S., & Jeno, L. M. (2023). The bright and dark side of autonomy: How autonomy support and thwarting relate to student motivation and academic functioning. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1153647
Khotimah, K., Retnawati, L., Jannah, M., & Rahmasari, D. (2023). Literature review of self-regulated learning: Study for student learning in school. Pendas, 8(3), 5767–5779. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v8i3.11579
Lase, D. M., & Rusli, D. (2024). Gambaran pengasuhan orang tua di suku Nias. YASIN: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Budaya, 4(6), 1358–1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v4i6.4047
Li, S. (2022). The relationship between parenting and self-regulated learning of children and adolescents. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5, 290–295. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v5i.2917
Lubis, S., & Buana, R. (2020). Stereotypes and prejudices in communication between Chinese ethnic and indigenous Moslem in Medan City, North Sumatra Province – Indonesia. BIoHS-Journal, 2(2), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i2.252
Malau, M., Indartono, S., & Tianawati, A. K. A. (2022). Learning motivation and authoritative parenting for self-regulated learning: The mediation of self-efficacy. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v11i4.49822
Masaki, F. (2023). Self‐regulated learning from a cultural psychology perspective: Shifting from strategy to process with the trajectory equifinality approach. Human Arenas, 8, 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-023-00326-w
Meyer, A., & Wissemann, K. (2020). Controlling parenting and perfectionism is associated with an increased error-related negativity (ERN) in young adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 15(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa018
Napitupulu, E. L. (2023, August 21). Pola asuh ”macan” orangtua Asia bukan berarti tidak baik. Kompas.Id. https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2023/08/21/pengasuhan-macan-orangtua-asia-bukan-berarti-tidak-baik
Ng, F. F.-Y., & Wang, Q. (2019). Asian and Asian American parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Social conditions and applied parenting (3rd ed., Vol. 4). Routledge.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
Pistella, J., Izzo, F., Isolani, S., Ioverno, S., & Baiocco, R. (2020). Helicopter mothers and helicopter fathers: Italian adaptation and validation of the helicopter parenting instrument. Psychology Hub, 37(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.13133/2724-2943/16900
Purwarini, P. D., & Rustika, I. M. (2018). Peran pola asuh autoritatif dan konsep diri terhadap self regulated learning siswa remaja SMA di Kabupaten Gianyar. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 5(2), 282–302. http://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2018.v05.i02.p05
Ramayanti, A., Rusdi, Aniswita, & Imamuddin. (2023). Pengaruh kecemasan Matematika dan self regulated learning terhadap hasil belajar Matematika siswa Kelas VIII MTsN 3 Agama. INNOVATIVE, 3(2), 10573–10584. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/1629
Ryan, K. M., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Speechley, M., Stuart, J., Soenens, B., Zimmermann, G., & Van Petegem, S. (2024). Identifying correlates of demanding and responsive features in helicopter and overprotective parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 33, 2826–2843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02896-x
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
Sarifudin, S., Hastuti, D., & Simanjuntak, M. (2020). Gaya pengasuhan otoriter dan permisif serta tingkat stres ibu sebagai faktor risiko gangguan emosi dan perilaku anak usia sekolah. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 13(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2020.13.2.163
Schunk, D. H., & Greene, J. A. (2018). Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance. Routledge.
Sibuea, M. F. L., Sembiring, M. A., Agus, R. T. A., & Pertiwi, D. (2022). Pengaruh kemandirian belajar (self regulated learning) terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah logika komputer. JSSR, 5(3), 715–721. https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v5i3.1205
Stoeger, H., Fleischmann, S., & Obergriesser, S. (2015). Self-regulated learning (SRL) and the gifted learner in primary school: The theoretical basis and empirical findings on a research program dedicated to ensuring that all students learn to regulate their own learning. Asia Pacific Education Review, 16(2), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-015-9376-7
Sugiyono. (2017). Statistika untuk penelitian. Alfabeta.
Sulistiawati, S., Kusumah, Y. S., Dahlan, J. A., Juandi, D., & Vos, H. (2023). A bibliometric analysis: Trend of studies in self-regulated learning over the past three decades. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 5(2), 178–197. https://doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v5i2.21381
Suprapto, N., Prahani, B. K., & Cheng, T. H. (2021). Indonesian curriculum reform in policy and local wisdom: Perspectives from science education. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v10i1.28438
Tervo-Clemmens, B., Calabro, F. J., Parr, A. C., Fedor, J., Foran, W., & Luna, B. (2023). A canonical trajectory of executive function maturation from adolescence to adulthood. Nature Communications, 14(1), 6922. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42540-8
Teuber, Z., Tang, X., Sielemann, L., Otterpohl, N., & Wild, E. (2022). Autonomy-related parenting profiles and their effects on adolescents’ academic and psychological development: A longitudinal person-oriented analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 51(7), 1333–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01538-5
Trommsdorff, G. (2009). Culture and development of self-regulation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(5), 687–701. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00209.x
Vasquez, A. C., Patall, E. A., Fong, C. J., Corrigan, A. S., & Pine, L. (2016). Parent autonomy support, academic achievement, and psychosocial functioning: A meta-analysis of research. Educational Psychology Review, 28(3), 605–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9329-z
Vigdal, J. S., & Brønnick, K. K. (2022). A systematic review of “helicopter parenting” and its relationship with anxiety and depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872981
Wei, S., Teo, T., Malpique, A., & Lausen, A. (2022). Parental autonomy support, parental psychological control and Chinese university students’ behavior regulation: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735570
Wilda, A., Diputera, A. M., Victoria, H. D., Siregar, P. S. B., Sidauruk, H. E., & Sinuraya, R. J. B. (2023). Educated by hitting: Examining authoritarian parenting patterns in the Batak Toba ethnic community in the Samosir Area, Ambarita Village. Cakrawala Dini: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 14(2), 129–138. http://doi.org/10.17509/cd.v14i2.63681
Wulandari, P. N. P., & Swandi, N. L. I. D. (2020). Pola asuh autoritatif dan efikasi diri pada self-regulated learning siswa remaja. Intuisi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 12(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.15294/intuisi.v12i2.24654
Xu, K. M., Cunha-Harvey, A. R., King, R. B., de Koning, B. B., Paas, F., Baars, M., Zhang, J., & de Groot, R. (2023). A cross-cultural investigation on perseverance, self-regulated learning, motivation, and achievement. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 53(3), 361–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2021.1922270
Yim, E. P.-Y. (2022). Effects of Asian cultural values on parenting style and young children’s perceived competence: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905093
Žerak, U., Juriševič, M., & Pečjak, S. (2024). Parenting and teaching styles in relation to student characteristics and self-regulated learning. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39(2), 1327–1351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-023-00742-0
Zhang, W., Wei, X., Ji, L., Chen, L., & Deater-Deckard, K. (2017). Reconsidering parenting in Chinese culture: Subtypes, stability, and change of maternal parenting style during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(5), 1117–1136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0664-x
Zhou, J. (2020). A critical discussion of Vygotsky and Bruner’s theory and their contribution to understanding of the way students learn. Review of Educational Theory, 3(4), 82–87. http://doi.org/10.30564/ret.v3i4.2444
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2011). Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance. Routledge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that copyright of manuscripts published are held Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen. The statement to release the copyright to Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen is stated in Copyright Release Form. Copyright encompass exclusive rights to reproduce, to distribute, and to sell any part of the journal articles in all form and media. The reproduction of any part of this journal is allowed with a written permission from Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen.
