PENGARUH ALOKASI WAKTU IBU DAN NILAI EKONOMI AKTIVITAS IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KEBAHAGIAAN IBU
Abstract
Pekerjaan rumah tangga merupakan fondasi dalam membangun kesejahteraan keluarga, namun aktivitas ibu rumah tangga belum dianggap penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh alokasi waktu ibu rumah tangga dan nilai ekonomi ibu rumah tangga terhadap tingkat kebahagiaan ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori struktural fungsional. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional melalui wawancara online sebagai cara pengambilan data primer. Contoh penelitian berjumlah 99 responden yang dipilih secara purposif di SDN Sukasari Kota Bogor dengan kriteria ibu yang tidak bekerja, keadaan keluarga lengkap (ayah, ibu, dan anak), dan memiliki anak berusia 11-12 tahun. Alokasi waktu ibu ditemukan paling besar pada aktivitas domestik dan paling rendah pada aktivitas waktu luang. Pada penelitian ini, tingkat kebahagiaan ibu termasuk pada kategori tinggi. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa alokasi waktu domestik dan alokasi waktu luang (leisure) berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kebahagiaan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bantuan dari pasangan akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kebahagiaan ibu.
References
Amarante, V., & Rossel, C. (2018). Unfolding patterns of unpaid household work in latin america. Feminist Economics, 24(1), 1–34. doi: 10.1080/13545701.2017.1344776.
Aristawati, A. R. (2016). Stress dan perilaku agresi pada ibu rumah tangga yang tidak bekerja di surabaya. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 5(02). doi: 10.30996/persona.v5i02.731
Ardiyanti, D. (2016). Peran perempuan dalam penguatan sumber daya manusia indonesia memasuki masyarakat ekonomi ASEAN. Jurnal PIR, (1), 77-88. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22303/pir.1.1.2016.77-88
[BKKBN] Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional. (2005). Keluarga Berencana dan Kesehatan Produksi. Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2016). Statistik Indonesia 2016. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Barber, B. K., & Xia, M. (2012). The centrality of control to parenting and its effects. In Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development. doi: 10.1037/13948-004
Berik, G., & Kongar, E. (2013). Time allocation of married mothers and fathers in hard times: The 2007–09 US recession. Feminist Economics, 19(3), 208-237. doi: 10.1080/13545701.2013.798425.
Bianchi, S. M. (2011). Family change and time allocation in american families. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 638(1). doi: 10.1177/0002716211413731
Boes, S., & Winkelmann, R. (2021). Income and happiness: New results from generalized threshold and sequential models. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.561724
Bono, E. D., Francesconi, M., Kelly, Y., & Sacker, A. (2016). Early maternal time investment and early child outcomes. Economic Journal, 126(596). doi: 10.1111/ecoj.12342
Brilli, Y. (2021). Mother’s time allocation, child care and child cognitive development. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4012639
Broman, C. (2016). Gender, work-family roles, and psychological well-being of blacks. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(2), 509-520. https://doi.org/10.2307/352916.
Chapman, B., & Guven, C. (2016). Revisiting the relationship between marriage and well-being: does marriage quality matter? Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2). doi: 10.1007/s10902-014-9607-3
Chen, W. C. (2012). How education enhances happiness: Comparison of mediating factors in four East Asian countries. Social indicators research, 106(1), 117-131. doi: 10.1007/s11205-011-9798-5.
Chung, K., Yoo, M., Park, S., & Choi, E. (2012). Maternal perceptions of the conditions of happiness across the life-cycles of their children. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 33(4). doi: 10.5723/kjcs.2012.33.4.69
Claffey, S. T., & Mickelson, K. D. (2009). Division of household labor and distress: The role of perceived fairness for employed mothers. Sex Roles, 60, 819–831. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9578-0
Dewi, M. P., Neviyarni, S., & Irdamurni, I. (2020). Perkembangan bahasa, emosi, dan sosial anak usia sekolah dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 7(1), 1-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pendas.7.1.1-11.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542.
Hanum, S. L. (2017). Peran ibu rumah tangga dalam membangun kesejahteraan keluarga. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(2).
Hicks, D. L., Santacreu-Vasut, E., & Shoham, A. (2015). Does mother tongue make for women’s work? Linguistics, household labor, and gender identity. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 110, 19–44. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2014.11.010
Ironmonger, D. (2001). Household production and the household economy. Research Paper. Melbourne, AU: The University of Melbourne Press.
Junaidi, H. (2017). Ibu rumah tangga: Streotype perempuan pengangguran. An Nisa’a, 12(1).
Junová, I. (2020). Leisure time in family life. Contemporary Family Lifestyles in Central and Western Europe, 65–86. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-48299-2_4
[KPPPA] Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2018). Indeks Komposit Kesejahteraan Anak Kabupaten/Kota 2017 (Berita Resmi Statistik). Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak.
[KPPPA] Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2022). Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak.
Kiewisch, E. (2015). Looking within the household: A study on gender, food security, and resilience in cocoa-growing communities. Gender and Development, 23(3). doi: 10.1080/13552074.2015.1095550
Kim, E. H. W., & Cheung, A. K. L. (2019). The gendered division of household labor over parenthood transitions: A longitudinal study in South Korea. Population research and Policy review, 38(4), 459-482. doi: 10.1007/s11113-018-09508-9.
Krantz-Kent, R. (2009). Measuring time spent in unpaid household work: Results from the American Time Use Survey. Monthly Labor Review, 132(7).
Krzaklewska, E. (2014). Measurements of gender equality – Analyzing dimensions, embracing areas, considering context (Working Paper No. 1.2, Jagiellonian University of Krakow, Poland).
Kubricht, B. C., Miller, R. B., Yang, K. L., Harper, J. M., & Sandberg, J. G. (2017). Division of household labor and marital satisfaction in China: Urban and rural comparisons. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 48(2), 261-274. doi: 10.3138/jcfs.48.2.261.
Krueger, A. B., Kahneman, D., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2009). National time accounting: The currency of life. In Measuring the subjective well-being of nations: National accounts of time use and well-being (pp. 9-86). University of Chicago Press.
Leaper, C. (2014). The social construction and socialization of gender during development. In Toward a Feminist Developmental Psychology. doi: 10.4324/9781315811345
Lebert-Charron, A., Dorard, G., Boujut, E., & Wendland, J. (2018). Maternal burnout syndrome: Contextual and psychological associated factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 885. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00885
Liu, J., Qi, L., & Xiong, Y. (2022). Non-parental childcare services and time allocation of mothers with young children in China. Feminist Economics, 28(2). doi: 10.1080/13545701.2021.2006736
Marphatia, A. A., & Moussié, R. (2013). A question of gender justice: Exploring the linkages between women’s unpaid care work, education, and gender equality. International Journal of Educational Development, 33(6). doi: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2013.05.005
Ma, X., & Piao, X. (2019). The impact of intra-household bargaining power on happiness of married women: evidence from Japan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(6), 1775-1806. doi: 10.1007/s10902-018-0023-y.
Munro, K. (2019). “Social reproduction theory,” social reproduction, and household production. Science and Society, 83(4). doi: 10.1521/SISO.2019.83.4.451
Nayana, F. N. (2013). Kefungsian keluarga dan subjective well-being pada remaja. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 1, 230–244.
Nikolaev, B., & Rusakov, P. (2016). Education and happiness: an alternative hypothesis. Applied Economics Letters, 23(12). doi: 10.1080/13504851.2015.1111982
Nikolaou, D. (2017). Maternal life satisfaction, marital status, and child skill formation. Eastern Economic Journal, 43(4). doi: 10.1057/eej.2015.48
Nourani, S., Seraj, F., Shakeri, M. T., & Mokhber, N. (2019). The relationship between gender-role beliefs, household labor division and marital satisfaction in couples. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, 29(1), 43-49. doi: 10.29252/HNMJ.29.1.301.
Oshio, T., Nozaki, K., & Kobayashi, M. (2013). Division of household labor and marital satisfaction in China, Japan, and Korea. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 34(2), 211-223. doi: 10.1007/s10834-012-9321.
Pepin, J. R., Sayer, L. C., & Casper, L. M. (2018). Marital status and mothers’ time use: Childcare, housework, leisure, and sleep. Demography, 55(1). doi: 10.1007/s13524-018-0647-x
Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(1). doi: 10.1007/s10902-004-1278-z
Puspitasari, N., Puspitawati, H., & Herawati, T. (2013). Peran gender, kontribusi ekonomi perempuan, dan kesejahteraan keluarga petani holtikultura. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 6(1). doi: 10.24156/jikk.2013.6.1.10
Puspitawati, H. (2009). Pengaruh nilai ekonomi pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga subyektif. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 2(1), 11-20. doi: 10.24156/jikk.2009.2.1.11.
Puspitawati, H. (2017). Gender dan keluarga: Konsep dan realita di Indonesia (Rev. ed.). Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
Putri, D. F. T. P. (2012). Perbedaan hubungan antara ibu bekerja dan ibu rumah tangga terhadap tumbuh kembang anak usia 2-5 Tahun. Mutiara Medika, 12(3).
Putri, K. A. K., & Sudhana, H. (2013). Perbedaan tingkat stres pada ibu rumah tangga yang menggunakan dan tidak menggunakan pembantu rumah tangga. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 1(1). doi: 10.24843/jpu.2013.v01.i01.p10
Rahma, A., Puspitawati, H., & Herawati, T. (2015). Pengaruh peran gender dan pemeliharaan lingkungan mikro terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga petani dataran tinggi. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 8(2), 69-79. doi:10.24156/jikk.2015.8.2.69.
Rahmawaty, A. (2015). Harmoni dalam keluarga perempuan karir: Upaya mewujudkan kesetaraan dan keadilan gender dalam keluarga. Palastren: Jurnal Studi Gender, 8(1), 1-34. doi:10.21043/palastren.v8i1.932.
Rosalina, A. B., & Hapsari, I. I. (2014). Gambaran coping stress pada ibu rumah tangga yang tidak bekerja. JPPP-Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi, 3(1), 18-23. doi: 10.1007/s10943-009-9316-0.
Sa’diah, Z. (2016). Relasi gender dalam keluarga pasangan pernikahan difabel di Kudus Jawa Tengah. PALASTREN, 9(1), 43-68. doi: 10.21043/palastren.v9i1.1923
Samuel, P. S., Rillotta, F., & Brown, I. (2012). Review: The development of family quality of life concepts and measures. In Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(1). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01486.x
Senicato, C., Lima, M. G., & Barros, M. B. de A. (2016). Are there differences between paid women workers and housewives in health-related quality of life? Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 32(8). doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00085415
Silitonga, M., Puspitawati, H., & Muflikhati, I. (2018). Modal sosial, coping ekonomi, gejala stres suami dan kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga pada keluarga tkw. Jkkp (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan), 5(1). doi: 10.21009/jkkp.051.03
Siswati, M., & Puspitawati, H. (2017). Peran gender, pengambilan keputusan, dan kesejahteraan keluarga dual earner. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 10(3). doi: 10.24156/jikk.2017.10.3.169
Parsons, T., & Shils, E. A. (2017). The social system. In Toward a general theory of action, 12(2), 190-233.
Tao, H. L. (2019). Marriage and Happiness: Evidence from Taiwan. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(6). doi: 10.1007/s10902-018-0029-5
Theloudis, A. (2018). Wages and family time allocation. SSRN Electronic Journal, 6(2), 3-22. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3126715
Wang, P., Wei, X., Yingwei, X., & Xiaodan, C. (2022). The impact of residents’ leisure time allocation mode on individual subjective well-being: The case of China. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17(3), 22-31. doi: 10.1007/s11482-021-10003-1
Xu, Y., Xu, D., Simpkins, S., & Warschauer, M. (2019). Does it matter which parent is absent? Labor migration, parenting, and adolescent development in China. Journal of Child and Family Studies. doi: 10.1007/s10826-019-01382-z
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that copyright of manuscripts published are held Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen. The statement to release the copyright to Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen is stated in Copyright Release Form. Copyright encompass exclusive rights to reproduce, to distribute, and to sell any part of the journal articles in all form and media. The reproduction of any part of this journal is allowed with a written permission from Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen.
