PRAKTIK PENGASUHAN, KETERLIBATAN ORANG TUA DI SEKOLAH,  KONSEP DIRI ANAK, DAN KESIAPAN SEKOLAH

Hilda Fauziah; Dwi Hastuti; Lilik Noor Yuliati

doi:10.24156/jikk.2020.13.1.61

Hilda Fauziah IPB University
Dwi Hastuti IPB University
Lilik Noor Yuliati IPB University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2020.13.1.61

Keywords: parental involvement in school, parenting practices, preschooler, school readiness, self concept

Abstract

School readiness before entering primary education is important for children to support future academic achievement. This study aims to identify and analyze parental characteristics, child characteristics, parenting practices, parental involvement in school, self-concept, and school readiness of children aged 5-6 years. This research was conducted in six selected kindergartens at Beji District, Depok City. Total of 100 children and their mothers as respondents who were selected using a convinient sampling method. Data were collected by self-report, observation, and interview methods. Data was analyzed by descriptive analysis using SPSS and influence analysis using smartPLS. The results showed that parenting practices, parental involvement in schools, and the child self concept was categorized is good, and the school readiness of children in categorized was very good. The results of influence analysis show that parenting practices directly influence to parent involvement in school, and the child's self-concept. Parenting practices also indirectly influence school readiness through the involvement of parents in the school. The other results show that parenting practices and parent involvement in schools directly influence significant positive on school readiness. Meanwhile, children's self-concept has no effect to school readiness. Overall parenting practice and parent involvement in school very important role of increasing children's school readiness. In the other hand, it’s necessary synergism between home and school environment to optimize child's self concept.

Author Biographies

Hilda Fauziah, IPB University

Program Studi Magister Ilmu Keluarga dan Perkembangan Anak, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Terakreditasi A

Dwi Hastuti, IPB University

Departemen Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, Terakreditasi A

Lilik Noor Yuliati, IPB University

Departemen Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, Terakreditasi A

References

Abdullah, N. (2015). Hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan konsep diri anak usia sekolah. Psychology Forum UMM, 1(1), 222-225. ISBN: 978-979-796-324-8.

Adeyemi, B. A., & Adebanjo, I. N. (2018). Home environment and parental involvement ias determinants of preschoolers readiness for primary school education in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Educational Research, 6(6), 673-680. Doi: 10.12691/education-6-6-14.

Amini, M. (2015). Profil keterlibatan orang tua dalam pendidikan anak usia TK. Jurnal Ilmiah Visi PPTK PAUDNI, 10(1), 9-20. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21009/JIV.1001.2.

Arens, A. K., Marsh, H. W., Craven, R. G., Yeung, A. S., Randhawa, E., Hasselhorn, M. (2016). Math self-concept in preschool children: Structure, achievement relations, and generalizability across gender. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36(3), 391-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.12.024.

Badri, M., Al Qubaisi, A., Al Rashedi, A., Yang, G. (2014). The causal relationship between parental involvement and children’s behavioral adjustment to KG-1 schooling. International Journal of Child Care and Educational Policy, 8(3), 1-21. doi.org/10.1007/s40723-014-0003-6.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. International Encyclopedia of Education, 3(2), Oxford: Elsevier. Reprinted in: Gauvain, M. & Cole, M. (eds), Readings on the development of children, 2nd Ed.37-43.

Brooks-Gun, J., & Markman, L. B. (2005). The contribution of parenting to ethnic and racial gaps in school readiness. Future of Children, 15(1), 139-168. Doi: 10.1353/foc.2005.0001.

Brown, G., L., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Neff, C., Schoppe-Sulivan, S. J., & Frosch, C. A. (2009). Young children’s self concept: Associations with child temperament, mothers and fathers parenting, and triadic family interaction. Journal of Merrill Palmer Q, 55(2), 184-216. Doi: 10.1353/mpq.0.0019.

Campbell, S. B. (2006). Maladjustment in Preschool Children: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective. Blackwell Handbook of Early Childhood Development, 3,358–377. doi:10.1002/9780470757703.ch18.

Connel, C. M., & Prinz, R. J. (2002). The impact of childcare and parent-child interactions on school readiness and social skills development for low income African American children. Journal of Psychology, 60(2), 177-193. doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(02)00090-0.

Dapp, L. C., & Roebers, C. M. (2018). Self-Concept in Kindergarten and First Grade Children: A Longitudinal Study on Structure, Development, and Relation to Achievement. Psychology, 9(7), 1605-1629. doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.97097.

Dearly, Akhiriyanti, P., Siregar, J., R., Joefiani, P., & Abidin, Z. (2018). Positive parenting pada anak usia 4-6 tahun dalam perspektif orang tua muda di jakarta barat, indonesia. Seminar Nasional dan Call for Paper “Membangun Sinergitas Keluarga dan Sekolah Menuju PAUD Berkualitas”. pp. 42-51. ISSN 2655-6189 (Submitted).

Dewanggi, M., Hastuti, D., Hernawati, N. (2012). Pengasuhan orang tua dan kemandirian anak usia 3-5 tahun berdasarkan gender di kampung adat urug. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 5(1), 19-28. ISSN: 1907-6037.

Eckerth, M., Hein, A. K., Hanke, P. (2013). The development of children's self-concept of school readiness and of their social self-concept in the transition from kindergarten to primary school. Paper presented at the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) on 11th September 2013 at the Bahçe? ehir University in Istanbul. Germany(DE): University of Munster. Diakses dari: https://eera-ecer.de/ecer-programmes/conference/8/contribution/22100/.

Hastuti, D., & Alfiasari. (2018). Efektivitas Program Parenting untuk Mendukung Kesiapan Anak Bersekolah. Bogor(ID), IPB.

Ismail, N. A. H., & Tekke, M. (2015). Rediscovering Roger’s self theory and personality. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 4(3), 143-150. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jehcp.v4i3.3682.

Izzaty, R. E., Ayriza, Y., Setiawati, F. A. (2017). Prediktor prestasi belajar siswa kelas 1 sekolah dasar. Jurnal Psikologi, 44(2), 153-164. Doi: 10.22146/jpsi.27454.

Janus, M., & Offord, D. (2007). Development and psychometric properties of the Early Development Instrument (EDI): A measure of children’s school readiness. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 30(1), 1-22. doi: 10.1037/cjbs2007001.

Jeon, L., Buettner, C. K., Hur, E. (2014). Family and neighborhood disadvantage, home environment, and children’s school readiness. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(5), 718-727. doi: 10.1037/fam0000022.

[Kemendikbud] Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (2017). Ikhtisar Data Pendidikan Tahun 2015/2016. Jakarta(ID): Kemendikbud.

Konold, T. R., & Pianta, R. C. (2005). Empirically-derived, person oriented patters of school readiness in typically developing children: description and prediction to first grade achivement. Applied Development Science, 9(4), 174-187. doi: 10.1207/s1532480xads0904_1.

[KPAI] Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. (2017). KPAI datangi polres Depok koordinasi kasus puluhan remaja menjarah distro. Diakses dari : https://www.kpai.go.id/berita/kpai-datangi-polres-depok-koordinasi-kasus-puluhan-remaja-menjarah-distro.

[KPPPA] Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2018). Profil Anak Indonesia 2018. Jakarta(ID): KPPA.

Killing, B. N., & Killing, I. Y. (2015). Tinjauan konsep diri dan dimensinya pada anak dalam masa kanak-kanak akhir. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan dan Konseling, 1(2), 116-124. Doi: https://doi.org/10.26858/jpkk.v1i2.1811.

Kurniasari, L. (2015). Perbedaan kesiapan bersekolah anak yang akan memasuki jenjang sekolah dasr di Kota Samarinda (studi pada anak prasekolah akhir di TK Islam Al Jawahir dan TK Fastabiqul Khairat) (Tesis). Tersedia dari Repository Universitas Airlangga.

Lau, E. Y. H., Li, H., Rao, N. (2011). Parental Involvement and children’s readiness for school in China. Journal of Education Research, 53(1), 95-113. DOI: 10.1080/00131881.2011.552243.

Lindawati. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan motorik anak usia pra sekolah. Jurnal Health Quality, 4(1), 1-76. ISSN: 1978-4325.

Magdalena, S. M. (2013). Social and emotional competence-predictors of school adjustment. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76(3), 20-33. Doi: 10.1014/j.sbspro.2013.04.068.

Magdalena, S. M. (2014). The effects of parental influence and school readiness of the child. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127(4), 733-737. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.345.

Mahuro, G. M., & Hungi N. (2016). Parental participation improves student academic achievement: A case of Iganga and Mayuge districts in Uganda. Journal of Education Policy, 3(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2016.1264170.

Majzub, R. H., & Rashid, A. A. (2012). School readiness among preschool children. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3524-3529. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.098.

Marsh, H. W., Ellis, L. A., & Craven, R. G. (2002). How Do Preschool Children Feel About Themselves? Unraveling Measurement and Multidimensional Self-Concept Structure. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 38(3), 376-393. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.38.3.376.

Marti, M., Merz, E. C., Repka, K. R., Landers, C., Noble, K. G., & Duch, H. (2018). Parent involvement in the getting ready for school intervention is associated with changes in school readiness skills. Front Psychol, 759(9), 1-15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00759.

Matovu, M. (2012). Academic self concept and academic achivement among university student. International Online Journal of Educational Science, 4(1), 107-116.

Mendez, J. L. (2010). How can parents get involved in preschool? Barriers and engagement in education by ethnic minority parents of children attending Head Start programs. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(1), 26-36. doi: 10.1037/a0016258.

Murray, E., Piazza, M. L., Harrison, L. J. (2015). Changing patterns of parent teacher communication and parent involvement from preschool to school. Early Child Development and Care, 185(7), 1031-1052. DOI: 10.1080/03004430.2014.975223.

Pangesti, C. B., & Agussafutri, W. D. (2017). Hubungan peran Ibu dengan konsep diri anak usia 3-5 tahun. Jurnal Kesmadaska, 8(2), 161-166. doi: 10.34035/jk.v8i2.236.

Parker, F. L., Boak, A. Y., Griffin, K. W., Ripple, C., & Peay, L. (1999). Parent-child relationship, home learning environment and school readiness. School Pyschology Review, 28(3), 413-25. ISSN: 0279-6015.

Patrick, I., Rao, N., Shone, J. B., Li, S. L., Ho, F. K., Chow, C. B., & Jiang, F. (2016). Socioeconomic gradients in school readiness of Chinese preschool children: The mediating role of family processes and kindergarten quality. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 35(2), 111-123. Doi: 10.1016/j.ecresg.2015.10.005.

Paulus, M., Liceta. M., Gniewosz, B., & Sodian, B. (2018). The impact of mother-child interaction quality and cognitive abilities on children’s self concept and self esteem. Cognitive Development, 48, 42-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.07.001.

Persada, N. M., Pramono, S. E., & Murwatingsih. (2017). Pelibatan orang tua pada pendidikan anak di SD Sains Islam Al Farabi Sumber Cirebon. Journal of Education Management, 6(2), 100-108. ISSN: 2252-7001.

Polat, O., & Aksin, E. (2015). A study of the relationship between self concept and primary school readiness in 60-72 months old children and the analysis of their primary school readiness and self concept according to some variabels. European Journal of Research on Education, 3(2), 14-21. ISSN: 2147-6284.

Prabhawani, S. W. (2016). Pelibatan orang tua dalam program sekolah di TK Khalifah Wirobrajan Yogyakarta. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Anak Usia Dini, 2(5), 205-218.

Putri, D. M. (2012). Pembentukan konsep diri anak usia dini di one earth school Bali. Journal Communication Spectrum, 2(1), 100-117. ISSN: 2087-8850.

Rachmawati, A. N., & Hastuti, D. (2017). Parental self efficacy dan praktik pengasuhan menentukan perilaku agresif anak usia prasekolah. JIKK, 10(3), 227-237. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.24156/jikk. 2017.10.3.227.

Rahmawati, A., Tairas, M. M. W., & Nawangsari, N. A. F. (2018). Profil kesiapan sekolah anak memasuki sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 12(2), 201-210. doi: 10.21009/JPUD.122.

[RI] Republik Indonesia. (2018). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No 14 Tahun 2018 megenai Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru. Jakarta(ID): Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

Santrock, J. W. (2007). Perkembangan Anak. Jakarta(ID): Erlangga.

Saragi, M. P. D., Iswari, M., Mudjiran. (2016). Kontribusi konsep diri dan dukungan orang tua terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dan implikasinya dalam pelayanan bimbingan konseling. Konselor, 5(1), 1-14. DOI: 10.24036/02016516477-0-00.

Sewasew, D., Schroeders, U., Schiefer, I. M., Weirich, S., & Artelt, C. (2018). Development of sex differences in math achivement, self concept, and interest from grade 5 to 7. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 54, 55-65. Doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.05.003.

Shala, M. (2013). The impact of preschool social emotional development on academic success of elementary school students. Journal of Psychology, 4(11), 787-791. dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.411112.

Stipek, D., & Ogawa, T. (2000). Early Childhood Education, in N Halfon, E Shulman, M Hochstein and M Shannon, eds., Building Community Systems for Young Children. California(US): UCLA Center for Healthier Children, Families and Communities.

Roubinov, D. S., & Boyce, W. T. (2017). Parenting and SES: relative values or enduring principles?. Curr Opin Pyschology, 15, 162-167. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.001.

Rodenas, F., Garces, J., Dura, E., Donate-Martinez, A. (2014). Education and Training for Parents Today, Discipline and Wellbeing for Children Tomorrow. Journal of Social and Behavioral Science, 116(5), 2248-2251. doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.553.

[UNICEF] United Nations Children’s Fund. (2012). School readiness and transition. New York(US): United Nations Children’s Fund.

Williams, J., H. (1973). The relationship of self concept and reading achivement in first grade children. The Journal of Educational Research, 66(8), 378-381. doi:10.1080?00220671.1973.10884506.

World Bank. (2010). Potret Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di Indonesia. Jakarta(ID): World Bank Group.

Wulandari, D., & Herlisa. (2018). Parent involvement in schooling processes; A case study in Aceh. SUKMA: Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(1), 25-65. Doi: 10.32533/02102(2018).