Karakterisasi Morfologi Anggrek Phalaenopsis Hibrida
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Orchid is one of ornamental plants that has high aesthetic value and Phalaenopsis hybrid is one of orchid type famous in Indonesia. Characterization of Phalaenopsis hybrid should be made to determine similarity or diversity between hybrids and as a basic information on plant breeding activities. The purpose of this study was to study the morphological character and relationship of five accessions of Phalaenopsis hybrid i.e, four white accessions flowering hybrid, one accession yellow flowering hybrids and Phalaenopsis amabilis ‘Cidaun’ ecotype. Based on the morphology of leaves and flowers, two of the four accessions white flowering hybrid have similarity coefficient 1.00. Every Phalaenopsis hybrid clustered together on the similarity coefficient 0.729, but one of three replications yellow flowering hybrids have similarity coefficient 0.435 with main differences in leaf shape and flowering types. Phalaenopsis amabilis’ Cidaun’ ecotype have similarity coefficient 0.528 with main differences with Phalaenopsis hybrid in flowers shape and flowering types.
Keywords: Coefficient similarity, flowers, leaves, morphological character, Phalaenopsis hybrid
ABSTRAK
Anggrek merupakan tanaman hias yang memiliki nilai estetika tinggi dan Phalaenopsishibrida merupakan salah satu jenis anggrek yang terkenal di Indonesia. Keragaman Phalaenopsishibrida yang cukup tinggi, sehingga perlu dilakukan karakterisasi untuk mengetahui kemiripan ataupun keragaman antar Phalaenopsis hibrida maupun dengan Phalaenopsis spesies asli sebagai informasi dasar dalam kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakter morfologi dan kekerabatan antara lima aksesi Phalaenopsis hibrida yaitu empat aksesi hibrida berbunga putih, satu aksesi hibrida berbunga kuning dan Phalaenopsis amabilisekotipe ‘Cidaun’. Berdasarkan morfologi daun dan bunga, dua dari empat aksesi hibrida berbunga putih memiliki koefisien kemiripan 1.00. Semua Phalaenopsis hibrida berkelompok menjadi satu pada koefisien kemiripan 0.729, sementara satu ulangan dari hibrida berbunga kuning memiliki koefisien kemiripan 0.435 dengan perbedaan utama pada bentuk daun dan tipe pembungaan. Phalaenopsis amabilis ekotipe ‘Cidaun’ memiliki koefisien kemiripan 0.528 dengan Phalaenopsishibrida, perbedaan utama pada bentuk bunga dan tipe pembungaan.
Kata kunci: Koefisien kemiripan, Bunga, daun, karakter morfologi, Phalaenopsis hibrida
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