Induksi Keragaman dan Karakterisasi Dua Varietas Krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) dengan Iradiasi Sinar Gamma secara In Vitro
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The research objective were to study the effect of gamma irradiation doses on Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) and increasing the genetic diversity. The research were conducted at IPB Tissue Culture Laboratory, BATAN Laboratory, and IPB Micro Tehnique Laboratory, February–November2010. This research used completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was variety of Chrysanthemum, i.e. Dewi Ratih and Puspita Nusantara. The second factor was dosage of gamma irradiation (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 Gy). The result showed that interaction between variety with dosage of gamma irradiationaffected growth of plants. LD50of Chrysanthemum plantlets were obtained at 22.22 Gy for Dewi Ratih and22.85 Gy for Puspita Nusantara. The gamma radiation 20 Gy produced 13 potential mutants on Dewi Ratih and Puspita Nusantara varieties. Putative mutants characteristic showed small and no serrated leaves , reddish and stunted stems, rosette, and variegated leaves.
Key words: Dewi Ratih, Puspita Nusantara, gamma irradiation, mutation
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dosis iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev), meningkatkan keragaman genetik serta mendapatkan mutan krisan yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan pemuliaan krisan lebih lanjut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman dan Laboratorium Mikro Teknik Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB serta Laboratorium BATAN pada bulan Februari hingga November 2010. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dua varietas krisan, yaitu Puspita Nusantara dan Dewi Ratih. Faktor kedua adalah lima dosis iradiasi sinar gamma, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 20, 40, 60, dan 80 Gy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan iradiasi sinar gamma menghambat pertumbuhan krisan. Nilai LD50planlet krisan varietas Dewi Ratih berada pada dosis 22.22 Gy, sedangkan varietas Puspita Nusantara pada dosis 22.85 Gy. Dosis iradiasi sinar gamma 20 Gy menghasilkan 13 mutan putatif pada varietas Dewi Ratih dan Puspita Nusantara. Ciri mutan yang dihasilkan adalah daun kecil dan pinggir daun tidak bergerigi, perubahan warna batang menjadi kemerahan, kerdil, membentuk roset, dan menghasilkan daun variegata.
Kata kunci: Dewi Ratih, Puspita Nusantara, iradiasi sinar gamma, mutasi
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