Induksi Kalus dan Regenerasi Tiga Genotipe Tomat (Solanum lycopersicon L.) melalui Kultur Antera

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The aims of this research were to evaluate culture ability of 3 tomato genotypes through their androgenic response in callus induction and regeneration media. Completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and 5 replications were used. Treatments consisted of three genotypes (Tora, Ratna and hybrid variety Permata), six callus induction media in the first phase and three genotypes and two regeneration media. The result showed that hybrid variety Permata had the highest anther culture ability then others genotypes. Permata had the highest percentage of callus induction (27%) followed by Tora (14%) and Ratna (12%). The highest percentage of callus induction was shown in DBMI + 5 mg L^-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L^-1 NAA media (39.7%) followed by DBMII + 1 mg L^-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L^-1 NAA media (33.0%). Both genotypes and media gave low percentage of shoot induction. The percentage of shoot induction in hybrid variety Permata was 4.2% while in Tora was 2.1% and Ratna was 0%. The percentage of shoot induction in MS + 25 mg L^-1 Zeatin was 2.8% while in MS + 1 mg L^-1 Zeatin + 0.125 mg L^-1 IAA was 1.4%.

Keywords: androgenesis, auxin, cytokinine, in vitro, medium, tomato

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya kultur antera tiga genotipe tomat melalui percobaan induksi pembentukan kalus dan regenerasi tunas. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan lima ulangan. Bahan tanam yang digunakan ialah tomat varietas Tora, Ratna dan varietas hibrida Permata. Media yang digunakan adalah 6 media induksi kalus dan 2 media regenerasi tunas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tomat varietas hibrida Permata memiliki daya kultur antera yang lebih baik dibandingkan genotipe lainnya. Permata memiliki persentase jumlah kalus 27% lebih tinggi dibandingkan Tora (14%) dan Ratna (12%). Media yang paling baik menginduksi kalus adalah media DBMI + 5 mg L^-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L^-1 NAA (39%) dan DBMII + 1 mg L^-1 Kinetin + 2 mg L^-1 NAA (33%). Baik genotipe maupun media yang digunakan menghasilkan jumlah tunas yang rendah. Persentase induksi tunas varietas hibrida Permata 4.2% lebih tinggi dibandingkan Tora (2.1%) dan Ratna (0%). Persentase induksi tunas media MS + 0.25 mg L^-1 Zeatin (2.8%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan media MS + 1 mg L^-1 Zeatin + 0.125 mg L^-1 IAA (1.4%).

Kata kunci: androgenesis, auksin, in vitro, media, sitokinin, tomat