Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Bodies Anggrek Dendrobium lasianthera (JJ. Smith) secara In Vitro

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on protocorm like bodies (PLBs) Dendrobium lasianthera and Lethal dose (LD) 30 and 50 of gamma irradiation. The irradiation was conducted at the Center of Technology Application of Isotops and Radiation, Nuclear Energy Agency (PATIR-BATAN) and culture at Tissue Culture Laboratory of IPB from February 2014 to July 2014. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor of gamma irradiation doses, include i,g. 0 Gy, 20 Gy, 40 Gy, 60 Gy, 80 Gy, and 100 Gy. Each dose of gamma irradiation treatment was repeated 5 times. There were 30 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of five culture bottles containing 4 individually planted PLBs Dendrobium lasianthera. The results of this research showed that the increasing doses of gamma irradiation significantly decreased the percentage of alive PLBs, PLBs germination percentage, number of leaves, number of roots, the percentage of rooted PLBs. Morphological changes among other wider and spiral leaves were observed in the treated plantlets. Lethal dose 30% (LD30) was at 19.7697 Gy and LD50 was at 67.3504 Gy.

Keywords: Dendrobium lasianthera, gamma irradiation, in vitro, Lethal dose (LD), mutation

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap pertumbuhan protocorm like bodies (PLBs) anggrek Dendrobium lasianthera serta menentukan Lethal dose (LD) 30 dan 50 dari iradiasi sinar gamma. Proses iradiasi dilakukan di Pusat Aplikasi Teknologi Isotop dan Radiasi, Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (PATIR-BATAN) Proses kultur dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan IPB. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Februari 2014 hingga Juli 2014. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal yaitu dosis iradiasi gamma meliputi 0 Gy, 20 Gy, 40 Gy, 60 Gy, 80 Gy, dan 100 Gy. Setiap dosis perlakuan iradiasi gamma diulang 5 kali, seluruhnya terdapat 30 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas lima botol kultur yang masing-masing ditanam 4 PLBs anggrek Dendrobium lasianthera. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis iradiasi gamma nyata menurunkan persentase hidup PLBs, persentase PLBs berkecambah, jumlah daun, jumlah akar, dan persentase PLBs berakar. Perubahan planlet in vitro yang teramati antara lain daun melebar dan daun spiral. LD30 berada pada 19.7697 Gy dan LD50 pada 67.3504 Gy.

Kata kunci: Dendrobium lasianthera, in vitro, iradiasi gamma, Lethal dose (LD), mutasi