Parenting Style, Social Support, Peer Relationship, and Coping Strategies among Students During Online Learning
Abstract
Covid-19 has significantly impacted the daily lives of all people, so the government needs to take public health measures such as distance and online learning, which makes students adapt to solving problems through coping strategies. This study analyses the influence of parenting style, social support, and peer relationships on students' online learning coping strategies. This study uses an associative quantitative approach. The population in this study were students at the Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ). This study involved 505 students at the Universitas Negeri Jakarta with a voluntary sampling technique. The researcher conducted this study at Universitas Negeri Jakarta from April to June 2023. The researcher analyses the research data using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple linear regression tests. The regression test results show that parenting style, social support, and peer relationships can improve student coping strategies. As much as 34.7 percent of adaptability in adjusting or solving student problems can be explained through parenting style, social support, and peer relationships. This research implies that parents and peers contribute significantly to students' coping strategies. Both have their respective roles that can increase or decrease a student's ability to adapt to the problems they face.
Downloads
References
Agustin, L., & Rahmawati, D. (2021). Hubungan pendapatan keluarga dengan kejadian stunting. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery, 4(1), 30–34.
Alfiasari, A., Latifah, M., & Wulandari, A. (2011). Pengasuhan otoriter berpotensi menurunkan kecerdasan sosial, self-esteem, dan prestasi akademik Remaja. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 4(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2011.4.1.46
Alsulami, S., Al Omar, Z., Binnwejim, M. S., Alhamdan, F., Aldrees, A., Al-Bawardi, A., Alsohim, M., & Alhabeeb, M. (2018). Perception of academic stress among health science preparatory program students in two Saudi universities. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 9, 159–164. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S143151
Aminullah, A., Ramli, M., & Hidayah, N. (2019). Teknik restrukturisasi kognitif dan problem based coping untuk menurunkan stres akademik siswa: studi komparatif. Ilmu Pendidikan: Jurnal Kajian Teori dan Praktik Kependidikan, 3(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v3i22018p139
Asriati, & Pamangin, L. O. M. (2022). Dampak psikologis pandemi COVID-19 pada mahasiswa. Molucca Medica, 15(2), 100–109.
Aydoğdu, F. (2021). Developing a peer relationship scale for adolescents: a validity and reliability study. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 10(2), 164–176. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2021.109461
Barseli, M., Ifdil, I., & Fitria, L. (2020). Stress Akademik akibat COVID-19. JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia), 5(2), 95–99. https://doi.org/10.29210/02733jpgi0005
Bjørlykhaug, K. I., Karlsson, B., Hesook, S. K., & Kleppe, L. C. (2022). Social support and recovery from mental health problems: a scoping review. Nordic Social Work Research, 12(5), 666–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/2156857X.2020.1868553
BKKBN. (2017). Penanaman dan Penerapan Nilai Karakter melalui 8 Fungsi Keluarga.
Bonaria, J. (2021). Gangguan kesehatan mental yang disebabkan oleh pendidikan jarak jauh terhadap mahasiswa selama pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 03(01), 1512–1518.
Candra, A. N., Sofia, A., & Anggraini, G. F. (2017). Gaya pengasuhan orang tua pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 3(2).
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Cattelino, E., Chirumbolo, A., Baiocco, R., Calandri, E., & Morelli, M. (2021). School Achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence: The role of self-efficacy and peer relationships at school. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(4), 571–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01043-z
Chang, C.-W., Yuan, R., & Chen, J.-K. (2018). Social support and depression among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.001
Counted, V., Pargament, K. I., Bechara, A. O., Joynt, S., & Cowden, R. G. (2020). Hope and well-being in vulnerable contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic: does religious coping matter? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1832247
Dratva, J., Zysset, A., Schlatter, N., von Wyl, A., Huber, M., & Volken, T. (2020). Swiss University students’ risk perception and general anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207433
Fahrianti, F., & Nurmina. (2021). Perbedaan kecemasan mahasiswa baru ditinjau dari jenis kelamin pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 5(1), 1297–1302.
Fahriza, I., Cahyati, S., & Nadya, A. (2022). Social development of adolescents with authoritarian parents. Psikoeduko: Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 2(2), 57–67. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/Psikoeduko/index
Fitria, P. A., & Saputra, D. Y. (2020). Dampak pembelajaran daring terhadap kesehatan mental mahasiswa semester awal. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional, 4(2), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.37294/jrkn.v4i2.250
Hanapi, I., & Agung, I. M. (2018). Dukungan sosial teman sebaya dengan self-efficacy dalam menyelesaikan skripsi pada mahasiswa. Jurnal RAP, 9(1), 37–45.
Harrist, A. W., & Criss, M. M. (2021). Parents and peers in child and adolescent development: preface to the special issue on additive, multiplicative, and transactional mechanisms. Children, 8(10), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8100831
Hayek, J., Schneider, F., Lahoud, N., Tueni, M., & de Vries, H. (2022). Authoritative parenting stimulates academic achievement, also partly via self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades. PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0265595. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265595
Huang, L., & Zhang, T. (2022). Perceived social support, psychological capital, and subjective well-being among college students in the context of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 31(5), 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00608-3
Izzati, I. D. C., Tentama, F., & Suyono, H. (2020). Academic stress scale: a psychometric study for academic stress in senior high school. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(7), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v7i7.3161
Jadon, P. S., & Tripathi, S. (2017). Effect of authoritarian parenting style on self esteem of the child: A systematic review. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 3(3), 909–913.
Jeong, J., Franchett, E. E., Ramos de Oliveira, C. V., Rehmani, K., & Yousafzai, A. K. (2021). Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 18(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003602
Ju, C., Wu, R., Zhang, B., You, X., & Luo, Y. (2020). Parenting style, coping efficacy, and risk-taking behavior in Chinese young adults. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 14, e3. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2019.24
Kemendikbud. (2020). Kemendikbud Terbitkan Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Belajar dari Rumah. Kemendikbud. Retrieved from https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/202/05/kemendikbud-terbitkan-pedoman-penyelenggaraan-belajar-dari-rumah
Khomsan, A. (2003). Pangan dan Gizi untuk Kesehatan. Jakarta (ID): PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Laksmita, O. D., Chung, M.-H., Liao, Y.-M., & Chang, P.-C. (2020). Multidimensional scale of perceived social support in indonesian adolescent disaster survivors: A psychometric evaluation. PLOS ONE, 15(3), e0229958. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229958
Llorca, A., Cristina Richaud, M., & Malonda, E. (2017). Parenting, peer relationships, academic self-efficacy, and academic achievement: direct and mediating effects. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02120
Moore, J. L., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K. (2011). E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.10.001
Mukhtar, S., & Mahmood, Z. (2018). Moderating role of perceived social support between perceived parenting styles and relational aggression in adolescents. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(8), 831–845. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2018.1468842
Nasution, N. C. (2018). Dukungan teman sebaya dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Dakwah, 12(2), 159–174.
Novianti, D. S., & Alfiasari, A. (2017). Kepuasan hidup mahasiswa tingkat pertama: kaitannya dengan karakter mahasiswa dan gaya pengasuhan orang tua. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 10(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2017.10.1.13
Pascoe, M. C., Hetrick, S. E., & Parker, A. G. (2020). The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1596823
Putri, M. (2018). Hubungan kepercayaan diri dan dukungan teman sebaya dengan jenis perilaku bullying di MTsN Lawang Mandahiling Kecamatan Salimpaung Tahun 2017. Menara Ilmu, 12(8), 107–116.
Rababa, M., Hayajneh, A. A., & Bani-Iss, W. (2021). Association of death anxiety with spiritual well-being and religious coping in older adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01129-x
Razurel, C., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Dupanloup, A., Irion, O., & Epiney, M. (2011). Stressful events, social support and coping strategies of primiparous women during the postpartum period: a qualitative study. Midwifery, 27(2), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.06.005
Roohafza, H., Feizi, A., Afshar, H., Mazaheri, M., Behnamfar, O., Hassanzadeh-Keshteli, A., & Adibi, P. (2016). Path analysis of relationship among personality, perceived stress, coping, social support, and psychological outcomes. World Journal of Psychiatry, 6(2), 248. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.248
Rufaida, H., & Kustanti, E. R. (2018). Hubungan antara dukungan sosial teman sebaya dengan penyesuaian diri pada mahasiswa rantau dari Sumatera di Universitas Diponegoro. Jurnal Empati, 6(3), 217–222.
Sahithya, B. R., Manohari, S. M., & Vijaya, R. (2019). Parenting styles and its impact on children – a cross-cultural review with a focus on India. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(4), 357–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1594178
Sami, A. H., & Naveeda, N. (2021). An examination of depressive symptoms in adolescents: The relationship between personality traits and perceived social support. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v4i1.848
Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2019). Fostering social and emotional intelligence: What are the best current strategies in parenting? Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13(3), e12439. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12439
Shyny, T. Y. (2017). Construction and validation of PS-FFQ (Parenting Style Four Factor Questionnaire). International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 5(3).
Suldo, S. M., Shaunessy, E., & Hardesty, R. (2008). Relationships Among Stress, Coping, and Mental Health in High-Achieving High School Students. Psychology in the Schools, 45(4), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits
Sulfemi, W. B., & Yasita, O. (2020). Dukungan sosial teman sebaya terhadap perilaku bullying. Jurnal Pendidikan, 21(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.33830/jp.v21i2.951.2020
Sullivan, J. R. (2010). Preliminary psychometric data for the academic coping strategies scale. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 35(2), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508408327609
Telaumbanua, M., & Nugraheni, M. (2018). Peran ibu rumah tangga dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga. Sosio Informa, 4(2), 418–436. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v4i2.1474
Tiit, E.-M. (2021). Impact of voluntary sampling on estimates. Papers on Anthropology, 30(2), 9–13.
Tobin, D. L., Holroyd, K. A., Reynolds, R. V., & Wigal, J. K. (1989). The hierarchical factor structure of the coping strategies inventory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13(4), 343–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173478
Tu, J.-C., & Chu, K.-H. (2020). Analyzing the relevance of peer relationship, learning motivation, and learning effectiveness—design students as an example. Sustainability, 12(10), 4061. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104061
Utami, A. B., & Pratitis, N. T. (2013). Peran kreativitas dalam membentuk strategi coping mahasiswa ditinjau dari tipe kepribadian dan gaya belajar. Persona, Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 2(3), 232–247.
Utami, F., & Prasetyo, I. (2021). Pengasuhan keluarga terhadap perkembangan karakter disiplin anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 1777–1786. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.985
Vavricek, S., & Wanic, R. (2020). Examination of Birth Order and Personality Effects on Coping Strategies in Light of COVID-19.
Wu, Q., & Xu, Y. (2020). Parenting stress and risk of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A family stress theory-informed perspective. Developmental Child Welfare, 2(3), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516103220967937
Yang, X. (2021). Exchanging social support in social commerce: The role of peer relations. Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 106911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106911
Zuhara, I., Muflikhati, I., & Krisnatuti, D. (2017). Stressor, social support, coping strategy, stress, and life satisfaction of married woman student. Journal of Family Sciences, 2(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.2.1.1-14
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
_001.png)
