Working Mother Issue: The Effect of Family Emotional Support on Work-Family Conflict
Working Mother Issue: The Effect of Family Emotional Support on Work-Family Conflict
Abstract
The increase in gender equality, women finally have the same opportunities as men in various aspects, including employment. Therefore, the demands experienced by working mothers are increasing, both from work and family. The difficulty of meeting all these demands can lead to work-family conflict, and one factor that can reduce work-family conflict is family emotional support. This study aimed to determine the effect of family emotional support on work-family conflict in mothers who worked as civil servants in the Indonesian Army Education Training and Doctrine Command. Using a non-experimental quantitative design with simple random sampling, this study was conducted in 2021 with 68 female participants who were married and had children. Participants were requested to fill out a questionnaire for 5-10 minutes. Using regression analysis, the result showed no significant effect of family emotional support on work-family conflict in mothers who worked as civil servants in the Indonesian Army Education Training and Doctrine Command. Thus, it can be concluded that participants most likely need other forms of support, such as instrumental support and other sources of support, such as support provided in the workplace or a combination of various forms and sources of social support.
Downloads
References
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Jumlah pegawai negeri sipil menurut kabupaten/kota dan jenis kelamin di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Desember 2020. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/indikator/indikator/view_data_pub/3200/api_pub/R1kzWm FzSXpTT2wyRGhzOTJpYlhqQT09/da_02/1 pada 13 Juni 2021
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Penduduk berumur 15 tahun ke atas menurut provinsi dan jenis kegiatan selama seminggu yag lalu, 2008-2021. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2016/04/04/1907/penduduk-berumur-15-tahun- ke-atas-menurut-provinsi-dan-jenis-kegiatan-selama-seminggu-yang-lalu-2008--- 2021.html pada 13 Juni 2021
Ahmed, H. (2014). Examine the relationship between work-family conflict and its impact on job satisfaction leading to turnover. Journal of Business & Management, 16(7), 73-78. doi: 10.9790/487X-16717378
Allen, T. D., French, K. A., Dumani, S., & Shockley, K. M. (2019). A cross-national meta-analytic examination of predictors and outcomes associated with work – family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1-38. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/apl0000442
Beauregard, N., Marchand, A., Bilodeau, J., Durand, P., Demers, A., & Haines, V. Y. (2018). Gendered pathways to burnout: Results from the SALVEO study. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 62(4), 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx114
Blanch, A., & Aluja, A. (2012). Social support (family and supervisor), work–family conflict, and burnout: Sex differences. Human Relations, 65(7): 811–833.
Boukis, A. (2016). Managing innovation within organisations. In Product Innovation through Knowledge Management and Social Media Strategies. IGI Global, 266–290. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9607-5.ch012
Cohen, S., & McKay, G. (1984). Social support, stres and the buffering hypothesis: A theorical analysis. Handbook of Psychology and Health. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen S, Wills TA. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.
Daalen, G. Van, Willemsen, T. M., & Sanders, K. (2006). Reducing work – family conflict through di different sources of social support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 462–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.07.005
Drummond, S., Driscoll, M. P. O., Brough, P., Kalliath, T., Siu, O., Timms, C., & Lo,
D. (2016). The relationship of social support with well-being outcomes via work – family conflict: Moderating effects of gender, dependants and nationality. Human Relation, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726716662696
Ekmekci, O. T., Xhako, D., & Camgoz, S. M. (2021). The buffering effect of perceived organisational support on the relationships among workload, work – family interference, and affective commitment: A study on nurses. The Journal of Nursing Study, 29(2), 1–11.10.1097/JNR.0000000000000419
French, K. A., Dumani, S., Allen, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2018). A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and social support. Psychol Bull, 144(3), 284–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000120.A
Ghislieri, C., Gatti, P., Molino, M., & Cortese, C. G. (2016). Work–family conflict and enrichment in nurses: Between job demands, perceived organisational support and work–family backlash. Journal of Nursing Management, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12442
Gopalan, N., Pattusamy, M., & Gollakota, K. (2020). Role of support in work – family interface among university faculty in India. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-11-2019-0211
Gupta, P., & Srivastava, S. (2020). Work – life conflict and burnout among working women : A mediated moderated model of support and resilience. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2019- 1993
Hwang, W., & Ramadoss, K. (2016). The job demands – control – support model and job satisfaction across gender: The mediating role of work – family conflict. Journal of Family Issues, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X16647983
Irak, D. U., Kalkisim, K., & Yildirim, M. (2019). Emotional support makes the difference: Work-family Conflict and employment related guilt among employed mothers. Sex Roles, 1-13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019- 01035-x
King, L. A., Mattimore, L. K., King, D. W., Adams, G. A., Journal, S., & May, N. (1995). Family support inventory for workers: A new measure of perceived social support from family members. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 235–258. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160306
Maclean, E. I., Andrew, B., & Eivers, A. (2021). The motherload: Predicting experiences of work-interfering-with-family guilt in working mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01852-9
Mary, M. A. J., & Ramesh, V. (2020). An empirical study on the effect of work/family conflict to work-life integration (WLI). Materials Today: Proceedings, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.721
Mathieu, M., Eschleman, K. J., & Cheng, D. (2018). Meta-analytic and multiwave comparison of emotional support and instrumental support in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Health, 1-23. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000135
Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work-family Conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 689–725. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.695
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family Conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Nomaguchi, K., & Fettro, M. N. (2018). Childrearing stages and work – family conflict: The role of job demands and resources. Journal of Marriage and Family, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12521
Pluut, H., Ilies, R., Curşeu, P. L., & Liu, Y. (2018). Social support at work and at home: Dual-buffering effects in the work-family conflict process. Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 146, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.02.001
Rasheed, M., Iqbal, S., & Mustafa, F. (2018). Work-family conflict and female employees' turnover intentions. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-09-2017-0112
Reichl, C., Leiter, M. P., & Spinath, F. M. (2014). Work–nonwork conflict and burnout: A meta-analysis. Human Relations, 67(8), 979–1005. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713509857
Samad, A., Reaburn, P., & Milia, L. Di. (2014). The contribution of job strain, social support and working hours in explaining work – family. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12058
Schermerhorn, J. R. (2013). Management (12 th). United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selvarajan, T. T., Cloninger, P. A., & Singh, B. (2013). Social support and work – family conflict: A test of an indirect effects model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 486–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.07.004
Shockley, K.M., Allen, T.D. (2015). Deciding between work and family: An episodic approach. Personnel Psychology, 68(2), 283-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12077
Sunarti, E., Rizkillah, R., & Muktiyah, N. T. (2020). The effect of work-family conflict and balancing strategy towards wive's job satisfaction. Journal of Family Sciences, 5(1), 20-35.doi: https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.5.1.20-35
Zhao, X. R., Wang, J., Law, R., & Fan, X. (2020). A meta-analytic model on the role of organisational support in work- family conflict and employee satisfaction satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 1- 20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2020-0371
Zheng, J., & Wu, G. (2018). Work-family conflict, perceived organisational support and professional commitment: A mediation mechanism for chinese project professionals. International Journal of Environmental Study and Public Health, 15, 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020344
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Family Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
_001.png)
