FACTORS AFFECTING SINGLE FATHER'S QUALITY OF LIFE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Abstrak
Single-father families are vulnerable to economic problems during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze factors that influence the quality of life of single fathers during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses quantitative research methods with a cross-sectional study design involving 60 single fathers who were selected using purposive sampling with the criteria of 1) being domiciled in Leuwiliang District, 2) living with dependent children in the same house, and 3) having separated from their partner due to divorce. Life or death divorced. The results of the study found that almost half of single fathers had a moderate quality of life and objective and subjective economic pressure, and most single fathers had low coping strategies. The correlation test showed that objective and subjective economic pressure was negatively related to quality of life. In contrast, per capita income and coping strategies were positively related to quality of life. The regression test shows that subjective economic pressure hurts quality of life, while coping strategies positively impact quality of life.
Referensi
Alghifari, A., Sofiana, A., & Mas’ari, A. (2020). Faktor Ekonomi Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kasus Perceraian Era Pandemi Covid-19 Dalam Tinjauan Tafsir Hukum Keluarga Islam. El-Izdiwaj: Indonesian Journal of Civil and Islamic Family Law, 1(2): 1-13.
Aprilia, W. (2013). Resiliensi dan dukungan sosial pada orang tua tunggal (Studi kasus pada ibu tunggal di Samarinda). Psikoborneo, 1(3), 157-163. doi: https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v1i3.3326
Astuti, D., Hartoyo, & Muflikhati, I. (2016). Tekanan ekonomi dan strategi koping keluarga petani di daerah rawan banjir. Jur. Ilm. Kel. & Kons. (9)1, 43-52. doi: https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2016.9.1.43
Azizah, Y., Puspitawati, H., & Herawati, T. (2022). Pengaruh dukungan mantan suami, strategi koping, dan relasi orang tua-anak terhadap kebahagiaan keluarga tunggal. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 15(2), 127-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2022.15.2.127
[BKKBN] Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional. (2005). Keluarga Berencana dan Kesehatan Reproduksi. Jakarta: BKKBN.
[BKKBN & IPB] Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional & Institut Pertanian Bogor. (2020). Survei Kondisi Keluarga pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jakarta, ID: BKKBN & IPB
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2021a. Persentase Rumah Tangga Menurut Daerah Tempat Tinggal, Kelompok Umur, Jenis Kelamin, Kepala Rumah Tangga, dan Status Perkawinan 2009-2021. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2012/04/19/1605/persentase-rumah-tangga-menurut-daerah-tempat-tinggal-kelompok-umur-jenis-kelamin-kepala-rumah-tangga-dan-status-perkawinan-2009-2021.html
Broussard, C. A., Joseph, A.L., & Thompson, M. (2012). Stressors and coping strategies used by single mothers living in poverty. Affil - J Women Soc Work. 27(2), 190–204. doi:10.1177/0886109912443884.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2021b. Garis kemiskinan menurut kabupaten/kota (Rupiah/kapita/bulan), 2020-2021. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/23/624/1/garis-kemiskinan-menurut-kabupaten-kota.html
Carver, C. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (4), 92-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
Carver, C. S., Scheir, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. 1989. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personlity and Social Psychology (56)2, 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
Fadhilah, H., & Sari, V. Y. P. (2019). Beban ekonomi yang ditanggung pasien dan keluarga akibat peyakit stroke: Studi literatur. BKM Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health (35)6: 193-197.
Fox, J. J., & Bartholomae, S. (2000). Families and individuals coping with financial stress. In McKenry, P. C. & Price, S. J (eds.). Families & Change Coping with Stressful Events and Transitions (pp. 250-271). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Firdaus, & Sunarti, E. (2009). Hubungan antara tekanan ekonomi dan mekanisme koping dengan kesejahteraan keluarga wanita pemetik teh. Jur. Ilm. Kel. & Kons 2(1), 21- 31. doi: https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2009.2.1.21
Herawati, T. (2012). Manajemen sumberdaya keluarga dan ketahanan keluarga peserta program pemberdayaan masyarakat di pedesaan (kasus di Kabupaten Bogor) (Disertasi). Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.
Herawati, T., Tyas, F. P. S., & Trijayanti, L. (2017). Tekanan ekonomi, strategi koping, dan ketahanan keluarga yang menikah usia muda. Jurnal Ilm. Kel & Kons 10(3), 181-191. doi: https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2017.10.3.181
Hewot, Y. R., Khaidir, & Natsir, R. A. (2020). Tanggung jawab ayah single parent terhadap pendidikan formal anak. Journal of Civics and Education Studies 7(1): 47-54.
Janzen, B.L., Green, K. & Muhajarine, N. (2006). The Health of Single Fathers. Can J Public Health 97, 440–444. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405224
Julianto, D., & Utari, P. A. (2018). Analisa pengaruh tingkat pendidikan terhadap pendapatan individu di Sumatera Barat. Menara Ilmu, 12(10): 24-34.
Khasanah, B. L., & Fauziah, P. (2020). Pola asuh ayah dalam perilaku prososial anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 5(1), 909-922. doi:10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.627
Kim, G. E., & Kim, E. J. (2020). Factors affecting the quality of life of single mothers compared to married mothers. BMC Psychiatry 20(1). doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02586-0
Kong, K. A., & Kim, S. I. (2015). Mental health of single fathers living in an urban community in South Korea. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 56, 188–197. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.012
Kumalasari, B., Herawati, T., & Simanjuntak, M. (2018). Gender relations, economic pressures, financial management, abstract. Jur. Ilm. Kel. Kons. 11(2), 108– 119. doi:10.24156/jikk.2018.11.2.108.
Lestari, S., & Amaliana, N. (2018). Peran ayah sebagai orang tua tunggal dalam pengasuhan anak. J Sains Psikol. 9:1–14. doi: 10.17977/um023v9i12020p1-14.
Lyon, B. L. (2012). Stress, Coping, and Health: A Conceptual Overview. Handbook of Stress, Coping, and Health. Virginia Hill Rice, editor. Detroit: SAGE Publication, Inc.
Manik, J. (2019). Peran ganda orang tua tunggal dalam keluarga inti (Studi kasus ayah sebagai orang tua tunggal di Kelurahan Batang Beruh Kecamatan Sidikalang Kabupaten Dairi) (Skripsi). Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
Meilianna, N.R., & Purba, Y.A. (2020). Dampak pandemi covid-19 terhadap PHK dan pendapatan pekerja di Indonesia. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia Edisi Khusus Demografi dan Covid-19: 43-48.
Nasution, D., Aditia, D.E., & Muda. I. (2020). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Jurnal Benefita 5(2) Juli 2020. doi: 10.22216/jbe.v5i2.5313
Octaviani, M., Herawati, T., Tyas, F. P. S. (2018). Stres, strategi koping dan kesejahteraan subyektif pada Keluarga Orang Tua Tunggal. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 11(3), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2018.11.3.169
Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W., & Feldman, R. D. (2009). Human Development Perkembangan Manusia. Indonesia, ID: Salemba.
Park, H. (2008). Effects of single parenthood on educational aspiration and student disengagement in Korea. Demographic Research, 18, 377-408.
Ramadhani, S. R., & Nurwati, N. (2021). Dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap angka perceraian. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPPM), 2(1), 88-94.
Rodríguez-Pérez M. Abreu-Sánchez A, Rojas-Ocaña MJ, del-Pino-Casado R. (2017). Coping strategies and quality of life in caregivers of dependent elderly relatives. Health Qual Life Outcomes 15(71): 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0634-8
Sagala, D. S. P., & Pasaribu, S. M. (2018). Hubungan Strategi Koping dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisadi RSU Imelda Medan. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan IMELDA, 4(2), 453-462. doi: 10.2411/jikeperawatan.v4i2.289
Sarafino, E. P. M. (2011). Health psychology: Biopsychosocial interaction (7th ed.). United States of America, US: Jonh Wiley & Son, Inc.
Sari, A. (2015). Model komunikasi keluarga pada orangtua tunggal (single parent) dalam pengasuhan anak balita. Avant Garde 3(2): 126-145.
SI-KABAYAN. (2021). Statistik Perkara Pengadilan Agama Se-Jawa Barat. Retrieved from http://kabayan.pta-bandung.go.id/pengawasan_sipp/proses_stat
Suardiman, S. P. (2011). Psikologi Usia Lanjut. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
Sunarti, E. (2021). Inventori Pengukuran Keluarga. Indonesia, ID: IPB Press.
Sunarti, E. Tati, Atat, SN, Noorhaisma, R, & Lembayung, D. P. (2005). Pengaruh tekanan ekonomi keluarga, dukungan sosial, kualitas perkawinan, pengasuhan dan kecerdasan emosi anak terhadap prestasi belajar anak. Media Gizi dan Keluarga 29(1): 34-40.
The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF. (2004). http://www.who.imt/substance_abuse/research_tools/en/indonesian_whoqol.pdf
Trisnawati, N. M., & Rahayu, S. U. (2014). Analisis pengaruh jumlah tanggungan keluarga, umur, pendidikan dan status pekerjaan terhadap pendapatan keluarga wanita single parent. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 7(2): 83-89.
Tristanto, A. (2020). Perceraian di masa pandemic Covid-19 dalam perspektif ilmu sosial. Sosio Inf, 6(3), 292-304. doi: 10.33007/inf.v6i3.2417.
[UNICEF] United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. (2021). Analisis Dampak Sosial dan Ekonomi pada Rumah Tangga dan Rekomendasi Kebijakan Strategis untuk Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/11211/file/Analisis%20Dampak%20Sosial%20dan%20Ekonomi%20COVID-19%20pada%20Rumah%20Tangga%20dan%20Rekomendasi%20Kebijakan%20Strategis%20untuk%20Indonesia.pdf
Westin, M., & Westerling, R. (2006). Health and healthcare utilization among single mothers and single father in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34(2), 182–189. doi:10.1080/14034940500325939.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 1996. Introduction, Administration, Scoring and Generic Version of the Assessment Field Trial Version December 1996 Programme on Mental Health World Health Organization.
Yulfa, R., Puspitawati, H., & Muflikhati, I. (2022). Tekanan ekonomi, coping ekonomi, dukungan sosial, dan kesejahteraan perempuan kepala keluarga. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 15(1), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2022.15.1.14