Perbandingan Kelayakan Ekonomi Usaha Sapi Perah Skala Kecil Dengan dan Tanpa Biodigester di Desa Mundu, Kabupaten Klaten

Comparison of Economic Feasibility of Small Scale Dairy Cattle Business with and without Biodigester in Mundu Village, Klaten District

Abstract

Desa Mundu, Kecamatan Tulung merupakan salah satu sentra peternakan sapi perah di Klaten. Keberadaan peternakan berimplikasi pada timbulnya limbah serta potensi pencemaran lingkungan akibat aktivitas peternakan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi dan analisis non-finansial pada usaha sapi perah yang menggunakan biodigester dan non-biodigester. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Mundu, Kecamatan Tulung, Kabupaten Klaten, Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2024 dengan menggunakan metode survei lapang, kuesioner, dan wawancara sebanyak 40 peternak. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) dengan kriteria peternak sapi perah yang telah menerapkan pengolahan limbah ternak dengan biodigester dan non-biodigester. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan peternak dan sekunder diperoleh dari dinas terkait. Data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif, kuantitatif, dan nilai ekonomi. Tujuan tulisan ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan kelayakan ekonomi usaha sapi perah skala kecil di peternak yang menggunakan biodigester dan non-biodigester. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan kelayakan ekonomi pada usaha sapi perah yang menggunakan biodigester memiliki nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi, sedangkan non-biodigester lebih rendah. Namun, kedua usaha sapi perah memiliki nilai NPV, Net B/C, IRR, dan payback period secara ekonomi layak untuk dijalankan. Analisis sensitivitas terhadap biaya perbaikan biodigester tidak mempengaruhi usaha sapi perah secara signifikan. Analisis switching value penurunan harga jual produksi susu sapi perah berpengaruh sangat signifikan, sedangkan pada kenaikan harga pakan konsentrat dan ampas tahu tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada usaha sapi perah.

Mundu Village, located in Tulung District, is a prominent hub for dairy production in Klaten. The presence of farms has consequences for waste production and the risk of environmental degradation resulting from agricultural practices. Consequently, it is imperative to evaluate the economic viability and non-financial aspects of dairy cattle enterprises utilizing biodigesters vs those that do not. The study was carried out in Mundu Village, Tulung Subdistrict, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province in 2024 employing field survey techniques, questionnaires, and interviews with 40 farmers. The site selection was conducted purposefully, focusing on dairy producers that have utilized both biodigesters and non-biodigesters for livestock waste treatment. The utilized data comprised both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were acquired through interviews with farmers, while secondary data were sourced from pertinent agencies. The collected data were systematically organized and examined descriptively, numerically, and regarding economic worth. This paper aims to compare the economic viability of small-scale dairy cattle operations among farmers utilizing biodigesters vs non biodigesters. The findings indicated that the economic feasibility of dairy cow operations utilizing biodigesters possesses greater economic value compared to non biodigesters. Both dairy cow enterprises have economically viable values for NPV, Net Benefit-Cost ratio, IRR, and payback period. The sensitivity analysis of biodigester repair expenses does not substantially impact the dairy cow enterprise. The analysis of switching values indicates that a reduction in the selling price of dairy milk production has a substantial impact, although a rise in the prices of concentrate feed and tofu dregs does not significantly affect the dairy cattle company.