Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kayu Manis Indonesia di Pasar Amerika Serikat

Analysis of Indonesian Cinnamon Exports' Competitiveness in the US Market

Abstract

Indonesia termasuk produsen kayu manis di pasar dunia yang bersaing dengan Sri Lanka dan Vietnam. Negara tujuan ekspor kayu manis adalahAmerika Serikat dengan laju pertumbuhan 16,9%. Harga kayu manis Indonesia selalu mengalami peningkatan, tetapi tidak sejalan dengan volume ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing, potensi, serta mengidentifikasi faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor kayu manis di pasar Amerika Serikat. Fokus penelitian komoditas kayu manis dengan kode HS 090611 (Spices; cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), neither crushed nor ground) pada periode 2016-2021, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), Diamond Porter’s, X-Model Potential Export Product, dan Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan Indonesia mempunyai keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif, namun perlu mengevaluasi hasil analisis Diamond Porter’s yang menunjukan minimnya kualitas tenaga kerja, minimnya negara tujuan ekspor, kemunduran luas lahan produksi kayu manis Indonesia, minimnya teknologi terbaru, dan minimnya kegiatan industri hilir kayu manis Indonesia. Indonesia juga berada pada pasar optimis serta memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan harga kayu manis, jumlah populasi, dan nilai kurs rupiah di negara tujuan ekspor utama.

Indonesia is one of the world's leading cinnamon producers, competing with Sri Lanka and Vietnam. The United States stands out as a key destination for cinnamon exports, experiencing a growth rate of 16.9%. While Indonesian cinnamon prices consistently increase, this growth doesn't align with export volumes. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and potential of Indonesian cinnamon exports to the United States market. The research focuses on cinnamon commodities with HS code 090611 (Spices; cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume), neither crushed nor ground) during the period of 2016-2021. The study employs various methods, including the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, Export Product Dynamics (EPD), Porter's Diamond, X-Model Potential Export Product, and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The study results indicate that Indonesia possesses comparative and competitive advantages. However, an evaluation of Porter's Diamond analysis reveals challenges such as a lack of labor quality, limited export destinations, decreasing land for Indonesian cinnamon production, a shortage of advanced technology, and insufficient downstream industry activities. Indonesia remains optimistic in the market and shows a significant relationship with cinnamon prices, population size, and the value of the rupiah exchange rate in major export destination countries.