Manuscripts must be written in English.

The manuscript is written in the following structure: Title, Author Name, affiliation, and email (all authors and correspondence) Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References.

TITLE: The title should be no more than 15 words and describe the contents of the manuscript, followed by the author's name, affiliation.

ABSTRACT: A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article's main findings; (4) Conclusions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

1. INTRODUCTION:

The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current state of the research field should be carefully reviewed, and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research. In-text citations: All citations in the text should refer to:

1. Single author: the author’s name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication.
2. Two authors: both authors” names and the year of publication.
3. Three or more authors: first author’s name followed by ‘et al.’ and the year of publication

Citation may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. Examples: …as demonstrated (Akmal, 2020a, 2020b, 2022; Akmal and Damar, 2023). Akmal et al. (2021) have recently shown…

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Materials and Methods should be described with sufficient details to allow others to replicate and build on the published results. Please note that the publication of your manuscript implicates that you must make all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated with the publication available to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of materials or information. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited.

Research manuscripts reporting large datasets that are deposited in a publicly available database should specify where the data have been deposited and provide the relevant accession numbers. If the accession numbers have not yet been obtained at the time of submission, please state that they will be provided during review. They must be provided prior to publication.

Interventionary studies involving animals or humans, and other studies that require ethical approval, must list the authority that provided approval and the corresponding ethical approval code.

3. RESULTS: This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation, as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.

Figures, Table, and Schemes: All figures and tables should be cited in the main text as Figure 1, Table 1, etc. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited. Schemes follow another format. If there are multiple panels, they should be listed as: (a) Description of what is contained in the first panel; (b) Description of what is contained in the second panel. Figures should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited. A caption on a single line should be centered.

Formating of Mathematical Components:

This is example 1 of an equation:

a = 1,

(1)

the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.

This is example 2 of an equation:

a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p + q + r + s + t + u + v + w + x + y + z

(2)

the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.

Theorem-type environments (including propositions, lemmas, corollaries etc.) can be formatted as follows:

Theorem 1. Example text of a theorem. Theorems, propositions, lemmas, etc. should be numbered sequentially (i.e., Proposition 2 follows Theorem 1). Examples or Remarks use the same formatting, but should be numbered separately, so a document may contain Theorem 1, Remark 1 and Example 1.

The text continues here. Proofs must be formatted as follows:

Proof of Theorem 1. Text of the proof. Note that the phrase “of Theorem 1” is optional if it is clear which theorem is being referred to. Always finish a proof with the following symbol. □

4. DISCUSSION: Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted from the perspective of previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context possible. Discussion should discuss limitation of methodology, either in data and analyses.  In principle, it should be discussed about the weakness of the research and should be in the range of scientific acception. Future research directions may also be highlighted.

5. CONCLUSION: Here the explanation about the results, discussions, findings and so forth. Conclusion should be able to answer all the research questions and research objectives. The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone.

6. PATENTS: This section is not mandatory but may be added if there are patents resulting from the work reported in this manuscript.

Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/coj/xxx/s1, Figure S1: title, Table S1: title, Video S1: title.

Author Contributions: For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; Data Analysis, X.S.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work reported.

Funding: Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research was funded by NAME OF FUNDER, grant number XXX” and “The APC was funded by XXX”. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard spelling of funding agency names at https://search.crossref.org/funding. Any errors may affect your future funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement: In this section, please add the Institutional Review Board Statement and approval number for studies involving humans or animals. Please note that the Editorial Office might ask you for further information. Please add “The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of NAME OF INSTITUTE (protocol code XXX and date of approval).” OR “Ethical review and approval were waived for this study, due to REASON (please provide a detailed justification).” OR “Not applicable.” for studies not involving humans or animals. You might also choose to exclude this statement if the study did not involve humans or animals.

Data Availability Statement: In this section, please provide details regarding where data supporting reported results can be found, including links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study. Please refer to suggested Data Availability Statements in section “COJ Research Data Policies” at https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/coj. You might choose to exclude this statement if the study did not report any data.

Acknowledgments: In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).

Conflicts of Interest: Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflict of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results”.

REFERENCES: References must be numbered in order of appearance in the text (including citations in tables and legends) and listed individually at the end of the manuscript. We recommend preparing the references with a bibliography software package, such as EndNote, ReferenceManager or Zotero to avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references. Include the digital object identifier (DOI) for all references where available. >> Harvard Style.

Citations and references in the Supplementary Materials are permitted provided that they also appear in the reference list here.

References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, etc., placed after the year of publication.

Akmal, S.G., Yonvitner, Jerikho, R., Yulianda, F., Wardiatno, Y., Novák, J., Kalous, L., Slavík, O., Patoka, J., 2022. Culture, trade and establishment of Polypterus senegalus in Indonesia with first record of wild populations. Aquacult Environ Interact. 14, 127-133. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00433

Akmal, S.G., Yonvitner, Yulianda, F., Adrianto, L., Patoka, J., 2023. Potential spread of invasive crayfish used as lifebait by Indonesian anglers. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. 29(3), 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2023.2234394

Anon., 1979. College Bound Seniors. College Board Publications, Princeton, NJ.

Assink, E.H.M., Verloop, N., 1977. Het aanleren van deel-geheel relaties (Teaching part-whole relations). Pedagogische Studiën 54, 130-142 (in Dutch). H1 Collaboration, 1997. Nucl. Phys. B 504, 3.

Chaddock, T.E., 1974. Gastric emptying of a nutritionally balanced liquid diet. In: Daniel, E.E. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Gastrointestinal Motility. ISGM4, 4-8 September 1973, Seattle, WA. Mitchell Press, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 83-92.

Douglis, F., Ball, Th., 1996. Tracking and viewing changes on the web. In: Proc. 1996 USENIX Technical Conference. See the references in: Buchdahl, H.A., 1966. The Concepts of Classical Thermodynamics. First published by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Also available electronically as The Concepts of Classical Thermodynamics (last updated 1999). This reference discusses the basic concepts in a very thorough manner. Its literature list is a main entry point into the discipline. Cancer Research UK, 1975. Cancer statistics reports for the UK.

Glaser, R., Bond, L. (Eds.), 1981. Testing: Concepts and Research. American Psychologist 36 (10) (special issue).

Letheridge, S., Cannon, C.R. (Eds.), 1980. Bilingual Education: Teaching English as a Second Language. Praeger, New York.

Luria, A.R., 1969. The Mind of a Mnemonist (L. Solotarof, Trans.). Avon Books, New York (Original work published 1965).

Paivio, A., Jansen, B., Becker, L.J., 1975. Comparisons through the mind's eye. Cognition 37 (2), 635-647.

Sheen, J., 1999a. C4 gene expression. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50, 187-217.

Sluzki, C.E., Beavin, J., 1977. Symmetry and complementarity. In: Watzlawick, P., Weakland, J.H. (Eds.), The Interactional View. Norton, New York, pp. 71-87. Reprinted from: Acta Psiquiatrica y Psicologica de America Latin 11, 321-330

Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, third ed. MacMillan, New York (Chapter 4).

VanDecar, J.C., Russo, R.M., James, D.E., Ambeh, W.B., Franke, M., 2003. Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab beneath northeastern Venezuela. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 2043. doi: 10.1029/2001JB000884.

Weikert, S., Freyer, D., Weih, M., Isaev, N., Busch, C., Schultze, J., et al., 1997. Rapid Ca"*.-dependent NO-production from central nervous system cells in culture measured by NO nitrite/ozone chemoluminescence. Brain Res. 748, 1-11.

Wilson, J.G., Fraser, F.C. (Eds.), 1977-1978. Handbook of Teratology, vols. 1-4. Plenum Press, New York.

Yasuda, N., Takagi, S.-i., Toriumi, A., 1997. Spectral shape analysis of infrared absorption of thermally grown silicon dioxide films. In: Hattori, T., Wada, K., Hiraki, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Control of Semiconductor Interfaces, ISCSI-2, Karuizawa, Japan, October 28-November 1, 1997. Appl. Surf. Sci. 117-118 (June (11)), 216-220.

Yu, F., Wu, X.-S., 1992. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2996. Available from: <hep-th/9112009>.

Yuen, A.W.C., 1994. Lamotrigine: a review of antiepileptic efficacy. Epilepsia 35 (Suppl. 5), $33-536.

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