Identifikasi Zat Alelopati pada Daun Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Perkecambahan Gulma
Abstract
Pengendalian gulma menggunakan herbisida sintetis lebih efektif dan murah dibandingkan dengan pengendalian manual, namun berisiko menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Daun Eucalyptus pellita mengandung senyawa alelopati yang berpotensi sebagai bioherbisida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ecotoxycology, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi zat alelokimia pada daun Eucalyptus pellita dan mengetahui potensinya sebagai bioherbisida untuk mengendalikan perkecambahan gulma. Senyawa alelokimia ditentukan menggunakan GCMS. Ekstrak daun diaplikasikan pada benih gulma di laboratorium. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak terdiri dari 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 20% (w/v). Gulma target adalah Asystasia intrusa, Borreria alata, dan Eleusine indica. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 23 senyawa dalam ekstrak daun E. pellita; senyawa dominannya adalah 1,8 cineole. Ekstrak daun E. pellita menekan perkecambahan benih gulma target. Ekstrak daun E. pellita pada konsentrasi 5%-20% menekan pertumbuhan plumula dan radikula A. intrusa dan B. alata dalam percobaan laboratorium.
Kata kunci: alelokimia, bioherbisida, biomassa, ekstrak daun, perkecambahan
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