Manajemen Budidaya Mentimun dan Sistem Irigasi dalam Rumah Kaca di Tuinderij Hoevekestein, Belanda
Abstract
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Tuinderij Hoevekestein, Belanda pada tanggal 5 Juli hingga 22 September 2018. Penelitian bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam sistem budidaya mentimun dalam rumah kaca, khususnya dalam manajemen irigasi. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi langsung di lapangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 3 periode tanam mengenai manajemen irigasi, khususnya kebutuhan air tanaman, mekanisme irigasi, dan efisiensi penggunaan air. Efisiensi penggunaan air pada 2017 berkisar antara 12.60%-3.72% dan tergolong tinggi berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Evapotranspirasi pada area seluas 8,000 m2 di afdeling 1 diamati pada periode tanam ketiga. Berdasarkan pengamatan dan analisis menggunakan metode FAO Penman-Moteith dan perangkat lunak Evapotranspiration Calculator V3.2, rata-rata nilai estimasi evapotranspirasi harian hasil perhitungan dalam jangka waktu 25 Juli hingga 16 September 2018 adalah 2.735+0.950 mm per hari sedangkan besar evapotranspirasi sesungguhnya pada periode yang sama 1.879+0.696 mm per hari. Evapotranspirasi dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor iklim, terutama intensitas cahaya. Berdasarkan pengamatan dan analisis neraca air di area produksi seluas 27,800 m2 pada tahun 2017, disimpulkan bahwa volume drainase melebihi standar perusahaan dan air yang diberikan pada tanaman melebihi kebutuhan tanaman.
Kata kunci: efisiensi penggunaan air, evapotranspirasi, kebutuhan air tanaman
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