Dampak Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Studi Kasus: Desa Penyabungan, Kecamatan Merlung, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi)

  • Rany Utami
  • Eka Intan Kumala Putri
  • Meti Ekayani
Keywords: economic impact, environmental impact, expansion, oil palm

Abstract

Oil palm is one of the major plantation commodity that earns foreign exchange. The expansion of oil palm plantation potentially gives not only economic benefits, but also the environmental problems. Therefore, the economic and environmental impacts of oil palm plantation expansion need to be assessed. This study uses revenue analysis to estimate the economic benefits, descriptive analysis to identify environmental impacts, and to estimate external costs using replacement cost and cost of illness. In this research, expansion is defined as the conversion of a part of or whole rubber plantation to oil palm plantation. The expansion resulted in farmers turning some or all of rubber gardens into palm oil plantations that resulted in an increase in revenues of 40.52%. In addition to the on-farm sector, farmers benefit from off-farm (24.46%) and non-farm (25.61%), bringing the total increase of farmers' income by 33.42%. Based on community perceptions of environmental impacts due to oil palm plantation expansion in the form of reduced quantity of groundwater, water pollution, and decreased animal population. The environmental impact of crude palm oil (CPO) factories is to produce liquid waste from palm oil processing that raises external costs for the community in the form of the replacement cost of clean water and the cost of illness

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Rany Utami
Sekolah Pascasarjana, Fakultas Ekonomi Manajemen, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680
Eka Intan Kumala Putri
Departemen Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Ekonomi Manajemen, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680
Meti Ekayani
Departemen Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Ekonomi Manajemen, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680

References

Ambiyah A. 2012. The Economic and Environmental Analysis of Oil palm Expansion in Indonesia: Export Demand Approach and EIRSAM Model. [Disertasi]. Nagoya (JPN): Nagoya University.

Astuti UP, Wibawa W, Ishak A. 2011. Faktor yang Memengaruhi Alih Fungsi Lahan Pangan Menjadi Kelapa Sawit Di Bengkulu: Kasus Petani di Desa Kungkai Baru. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Budidaya Pertanian, Urgensi dan Strategi Pengendalian Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian, Bengkulu 7 Juli 2011. ISBN 978-602-19247-0-9.

Azhar B, Lindenmayer DB, Wood J, Fischer J, Manning A, Mcelhinny C, Zakaria M. 2011. The Conservation Value of Oil Palm Plantation Estates, Smallholdings and Logged Peat Swamp Forest for Birds. Forest Ecology and Management. 262(12): 2306-2315. http://doi.org/fvzbdb

[BLHD] Badan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Tanjung Jabung Barat. 2016. Laporan Hasil Uji Air Sungai. Tidak Diterbitkan.

[BMG] Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika. 2006. Petunjuk Pembuatan Pemetaan Neraca Air Lahan. Jakarta (ID): BMG Pusat.

Boer R, Nurrochmat DR, Ardiansyah M, Hariyadi, Purwawangsa H, Ginting G. 2012. Reducing Agricultural Expansion Iinto Forests in Central Kalimatan Indonesia. Project Report. [Internet]. [diunduh 2017 Mar 16]. Tersedia pada : http://pcfisu.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/Final-Report-CCROM/.pdf.

[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistika Kecamatan Merlung. 2008. Merlung Dalam Angka 2008.

Clay J. 2004. Palm Oil. World Agricultural and the Environment: A Commodity by Commodity Guide to Impacts and Practices. Washington, DC (US): Island Press.

Consuelo GS. 1993. Pengantar Metode Penelitian (terjemahan Alimuddin Tuwu). Jakarta (ID): UI Press.

Corley RHV, Tinker PB. 2003. The Oil Palm. 4th ed. United Kingdom (GB): Blackwell Scientific. http://doi.org/b9sk2s

Dinas Perkebunan Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. 2015. Data Angka Tetap Statistika Perkebunan Komoditas Kelapa Sawit. Jambi (ID): Dinas Perkebunan.

[DIRJENBUN] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2012. Statistika Komoditas Karet 20142016. Jakarta (ID): Kementerian Pertanian.

[DIRJENBUN] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2014. Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 20132015. Jakarta (ID): Kementerian Pertanian.

Dufrene E, Dubos B, Rey H, Quencez P, Saugier B. 1993. Changes in Evapotranspiration from an Oil Palm Stand (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Exposed to Seasonal Soil Water Deficits. Oleagineux. 48(3): 105-120.

Fauzi A. 2006. Ekonomi Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan: Teori dan Aplikasi. Jakarta (ID): Penerbit Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Fauzi Y, Widyastuti YE, Satyawibawa I, Paeru RH. 2012. Kelapa Sawit. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya.

[FOE] Friends Of The Earth. 2005. The Ape for Oil Scandal: How Oil Palm Is Threatening the Orang-utan H. BUCKLAND, Ed. London (GB): Friends of the Earth.

Fisher RC. 1996. State and Local Public Finance. New York (US): Irwin.

Goldman M. 1977. The Convergences of Environmental Disruption. Economics of Environmen. New York (US): Norton.

Henson I. 2003. Oil palm-Can It Substitute the Tropical Rainforest. The Planter. 79(928): 437-450.

Hernanto F. 1989. Ilmu Usahatani. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya.

Hufschmids M. 1992. Lingkungan, Sistem Alami dan Pembangunan: Pedoman Penilaian Ekonomis. Terjemahan, Cetakan Kedua. Yogyakarta (ID): Gajah Mada University Press.

Kallarackal J, Jeyakumar P, George SJ. 2004. Water Use of Irrigated Oil Palm at Three Different Arid Locations in Peninsular India. Journal of Oil Palm Research. 16(1): 59-67.

Kantor Desa Penyabungan. 2016. Profil Desa Penyabungan. Tidak diterbitkan.

Kustanti A, Nugroho B, Darusman D, Nurrochmat D, Krott M, Schusser C. 2014. Actor, interest and conflict in sustainable mangrove forest management - a case from Indonesia. International Journal of Marine Science, Biopublisher, Canada. 4(16): 150-159.

Lesmana D, Ratina R, Jumriani. 2011. Hubungan persepsi dan Faktor-faktor Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Keputusan Petani Mengembangkan Pola Kemitraan Petani Plasma Mandiri Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kelurahan Bantuas Kec. Palaran Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Pembangunan (EPP). 8(2): 8-17.

Lord S, Clay J. 2011. Environmental Impact of Oil Palm – Practical Considerations in Defining Suistainability for Impact on The Air, Land and Water. [Internet]. [diunduh 2017 Jan 19]. Tersedia pada : http://www.nbpol.com.pg/EnvironmentalImpactOfOilPalm.pdf.

Marti S. 2008. Losing Ground The Human Rights Impacts Of Oil Palm Plantation Expansion In Indonesia. Friends of the Earth, LifeMosaic and Sawit Watch. Bogor (ID).

Maryam S. 2009. Analisis Pendapatan dan Efisiensi Usahatani Aglaonema (Aglaonema sp.) di Samarinda. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Pembangunan (EPP). 6(1): 17-23.

Mubyarto. 1995. Pengantar Ekonomi Pertanian. Jakarta (ID): LP3ES.

Nurrochmat DR, Darusman D, Ruchjadi D. 2014. Rekonstruksi sistem tenurial kehutanan. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan. 1(1): 24-29.

Nurrochmat DR, Hasan MF, Suharjito D, Budiaman A, Hadianto A, Ekayani M, Sudarmalik, Purwawangsa H, Mustaghfirin, Ryandi ED. 2012. Dalam: Nurrochmat DR & Hasan MF (Editor). Ekonomi Politik Kehutanan: Mengurai Mitos dan Fakta Pengelolaan Hutan. Jakarta (ID): INDEF.

Nurrochmat DR, Solihin I, Ekayani M, Hadianto A. 2010. Neraca Pembangunan Hijau. Konsep & Implikasi Bisnis Karbon & Tata Air di Sektor Kehutanan. Bogor (ID): IPB Press.

Obidzinski K, Andriani R, Komarudin H, Andrianto A. 2012. Environmental and social impacts of oil palm plantations and their implications for biofuel production in Indonesia. Ecology and Society. 17(1): 25. http://doi.org/b9xn

Pacheco P. 2012. Oil Palm in Indonesia linked to trade and investment: Impications for forests. Bogor (ID): Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).

Pahan I. 2010. Panduan Lengkap Kelapa Sawit. Manajemen Agribisnis dari Hulu hingga Hilir. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya.

Pasaribu H, Mulyadi A, Tarumun S. 2012. Neraca Air di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di PPKS Sub Unit Kalianta Kabun Riau. Jurnal Lingkungan Hidup. 6(2): 99-113.

[PASPI] Oil palm Agribusiness Strategic Policy Institute. 2016. Mitos dan Fakta Industri Minyak Sawit Indonesia dalam Isu Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan Global. Bogor (ID).

Prasetia H, Annisa N, Ariffin, Muahimin AW, Soemarno. 2016. Nilai Ekonomi, Lingkungan, dan Sosial Dari Perkebunan Sawit Swadaya di Kabupaten Seruya, Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan. 2(1): 71-77.

Roslinda E, Darusman D, Suharjito D, Nurrochmat DR. 2012. Analisis Pemangku Kepentingan dalam Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika – JMHT. XVIII(2): 78-85.

Sahari B, Ramadhan GF, Bosar A, Supriyono J. 2013. Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati di Lanskap Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian Pertanian. [Internet]. [diunduh 10 Juli 2017] : Tersedia pada https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311843803.

Sahide MAK, Burns S, Nurrochmat DR, Giessen L. 2015. Toward State Hegemony Over Agriculture Certification: from Voluntary Private to Mandatory State Regimes on Palm Oil in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika - JMHT. 21(3): 162-171. http://doi.org/b9xp

Santosa Y, Yohanna, Wahyuni I. 2017. Keanekaragaman Kupu-kupu di Berbagai Tipe Tutupan Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PTPN V Tamora, Kampar, Riau. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. 3(1): 110-116. http://doi.org/b9xq

Saputra A. 2013. Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Konversi Tanaman Karet Menjadi Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Sosio Ekonomika Bisnis. 16(2): 18-25.

Shinta A. 2011. Ilmu Usahatani. Malang (ID): Universitas Brawijaya Press.

Siradjuddin I. 2015. Dampak Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Perekonomian Wilayah di Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Jurnal Agroteknologi. 5(2): 7-14. http://doi.org/b9xr

Soekartawi. 2002. Analisis Usahatani. Jakarta (ID): UI-press.

Supartama M, Antara M, Rauf RA. 2013. Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Usahatani Padi Sawah di Subak Baturiti Desa Balinggi Kecamatan Balinggi Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Agrotekbis. 1(2): 166-172.

Sumantri, Arif. 2010. Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Perspektif Islam. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta (ID): Kharisma Putra Utama.

Susila WR. 2004. Contribution of Palm Oil Industry to Economic Growth and Poverty Allevation in Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 23(3): 107-114.

Syahza A. 2011. Percepatan Ekonomi Pedesaan Melalui Pembangunan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan. 12(02): 297-310. http://doi.org/b9xs

Taufiq M, Siswoyo H, Anggara WWS. 2013. Pengaruh Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Keseimbangan Air Hutan (Studi Kasus Sub Das Landak, Das Kapuas). Jurnal Teknik Pengairan. 4(1): 47-52.

Unjan R, Nissapa A, Phitthayaphinant P. 2013. An Identification of Impacts of Area Expansion Policy of Oil Palm in Southern Thailand: A Case Study in Phatthalung and Nakhon Si Thammarat Provinces. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 91: 489-496. http://doi.org/b9xt

Widodo IT, Dasanto BD. 2010. Estimasi Nilai Lingkungan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Ditinjau dari Neraca Air Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Journal Agromet Indonesia. 24(1): 23-32.

Yani A. 2011. Penilaian Ekonomi Kawasan Hutan di Indonesia: Pendekatan Dalam Penentuan Kelayakan Luas Areal Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit. [Disertasi]. Jakarta (ID): Universitas Indonesia.

Yohansyah WM, Lubis I. 2014. Analisis Produktivitas Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di PT Perdana Inti Sawit Perkasa I, Riau. Buletin Agrohorti. 2(1): 125-131.

Yusop Z, Hui CM, Garusu GJ, Katimon A. 2008. Estimation Of Evapotranspiration In Oil Palm Catchments By Short-Time Period Water-Budget Method. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering. 20(2): 160-174.

Published
2017-08-21
How to Cite
UtamiR., PutriE. I. K., & EkayaniM. (2017). Dampak Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Ekspansi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Studi Kasus: Desa Penyabungan, Kecamatan Merlung, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi). Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 22(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.22.2.115

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 > >>