Diacerein: Struktur, Biosintesis, dan Aktivitas Biologis

Abstract

Diacerein is an anthraquinone derivative with broad pharmacological activities, particularly as an anti inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic agent. This study aims to analyze the chemical characteristics, biosynthesis, structure–activity relationship (SAR), and its potential from natural sources such as Arabica coffee husks (Coffea arabica L.). A qualitative literature review was conducted by screening national and international studies published over the past decade through databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. The results show that diacerein possesses acetoxy, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and methoxy groups that play critical roles in its bioactivity. The acetoxy groups enhance lipophilicity and anti-inflammatory activity, while hydroxyl groups reinforce antioxidant capability and redox stability. Moreover, the natural presence of anthraquinone precursors such as rhein and chrysophanol in coffee husks opens opportunities for diacerein biosynthesis through green biotechnology approaches. Overall, diacerein represents a multifunctional model compound suitable for the development of sustainable, natural-based therapeutic agents.