Evaluasi Kesehatan dan Mutu Fisiologis Benih Padi ‘IPB 9G’
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.14.3.74031Abstract
Kesehatan benih merupakan salah satu faktor penentu mutu benih karena keberadaan patogen terbawa benih dapat menurunkan daya berkecambah dan menjadi sumber inokulum penyakit pada tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi mutu fisiologis benih, serta mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi cendawan dan bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae terbawa benih padi varietas ‘IPB 9G’. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kesehatan Benih dan Laboratorium Mikroteknik, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB, September-Oktober 2025. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor, yaitu tiga lot benih dengan waktu panen berbeda (Agustus 2024, November 2024, dan September 2025). Deteksi dan identifikasi cendawan dilakukan menggunakan agar test pada media PDA dan blotter test, sedangkan deteksi Xoo dilakukan dengan metode grinding, pengenceran bertingkat, serta plating pada media YDCA dan NA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya berkecambah lot 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing 89.5%, 88%, dan 23.75%, sedangkan indeks vigor 73.25%, 62%, dan 5.75%. Cendawan yang teridentifikasi meliputi Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, dan Rhizoctonia. Populasi bakteri yang diduga Xoo pada lot 1, 2, dan 3 adalah 5.25 × 10⁹ CFU ml⁻¹, 1.66 × 10¹⁰ CFU ml⁻¹, dan 1.48 × 10¹¹ CFU ml⁻¹. Metode agar test dan grinding terbukti efektif dalam mendeteksi patogen terbawa benih padi.
Kata kunci: agar test, cendawan terbawa benih, lot benih, metode grinding, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
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