Keragaman Agronomi, Heritabilitas dan Keragaan Hasil Mutan Padi ‘Diah Suci’ Generasi M2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.14.3.74028Abstract
Penelitian mengenai keragaman genetik padi ‘Diah Suci’ (Oryza sativa L.) melalui mutasi induksi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keragaman agronomi, heritabilitas, dan keragaan hasil pada padi ‘Diah Suci’ generasi M2 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma. Evaluasi meliputi mutasi klorofil pada fase bibit serta keragaman fenotipik dan parameter genetik pada fase generatif. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor dalam dua tahap, dengan enam dosis iradiasi dan tiga ulangan. Tahap pertama dilakukan terhadap bibit untuk analisis mutasi klorofil, sedangkan tahap kedua dilakukan terhadap mutan M2 terpilih untuk pengamatan karakter agronomi dan parameter genetik. Dosis iradiasi tertentu (100 dan 400 Gy) menghasilkan indeks dan frekuensi mutasi klorofil tertinggi, secara nyata melampaui perlakuan lainnya dan mengindikasikan respons dosis yang tidak linier. Pada fase generatif, sebagian besar karakter agronomi menunjukkan keragaman genetik rendah, kecuali jumlah anakan total yang tergolong sedang serta jumlah dan persentase gabah hampa yang tergolong tinggi. Jumlah anakan total pada fase vegetatif awal serta karakter gabah hampa menunjukkan heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik harapan yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi dijadikan kriteria seleksi dini. Indeks dan frekuensi mutasi klorofil umumnya tidak berkorelasi dengan karakter agronomi, kecuali kerapatan malai yang menunjukkan korelasi positif nyata. Secara keseluruhan, iradiasi sinar gamma berhasil menghasilkan keragaman genetik pada populasi M2 padi ‘Diah Suci’ sebagai dasar program seleksi lanjutan.
Kata kunci: dosis iradiasi, indeks mutasi klorofil, Oryza sativa L., pemuliaan mutasi
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