Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati terhadap Pembungaan dan Pembuahan Tanaman Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) var ‘Kristal’
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.14.2.73314Abstract
Jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) var ‘Kristal’ merupakan salah satu buah yang banyak diminati masyarakat Indonesia dengan ciri khasnya berupa daging buah berwarna putih, tekstur buah renyah, serta persentase biji kurang dari 3%. Perbaikan pembungaan dan pembuahan diperlukan untuk memenuhi permintaan jambu ‘Kristal’ yang terus meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas pupuk hayati dalam meningkatkan penyerapan hara selama proses pembungaan dan pembuahan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan Bawah, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, pada bulan Juni 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) satu faktor dengan empat taraf dosis pupuk hayati cair per-tanaman: 0, 36, 45, dan 54 ml. Pupuk hayati yang digunakan merupakan pupuk hayati cair dengan kandungan mikroba Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., dan Trichoderma sp. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas enam ulangan sehingga terdapat 24 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas vegetatif, generatif, dan jumlah bunga, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas fisik maupun internal buah. Dosis 54 ml per tanaman menghasilkan jumlah bunga dan bobot buah tertinggi, masing-masing 128.25 bunga dan 4.25 buah per pohon.
Kata kunci: mikroorganisme, pupuk, tunas vegetatif, tunas generatif
Downloads
References
Abobatta, W. F. (2020). Biofertilizers and citrus cultivation. OJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 5(4), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2020.05.00190
Aloo, B. N., Tripathi, V., Makumba, B. A., & Mbega, E. R. (2022). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial biofertilizers for crop production: The past, present, and future. rontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1002448
Arikan, Ş., & Pirlak, L. (2016). Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth, yield and fruit quality of Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Erwerbs-Obstbau. 58(4), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-016-0278-6
Arisanti, T. (2025). Efektivitas penyerapan hara dengan aplikasi pupuk hayati dalam perbaikan pertumbuhan tanaman lemon (Citrus limon L.) [Skripsi, IPB University]. IPB University Scientific Repository.
Asril, M., Lestari, W., Basuki, Sanjaaya, M. F., Firgiyanto, R., Manguntungi, B., Sudewi, S., Swanda, M. K., Paulina, M., & Kunusa, W. R. (2023). Mikroorganisme pelarut fosfat pada pertanian berkelanjutan. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2024. Produksi tanaman buah-buahan. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NjIjMg==/produksi-tanaman-buah-buahan.html
Campbell, N. A., & Reece, J. B. (2021). Biology (11th ed.). Pearson Education.
Daniel, A. I., Fadaka, A. O., Gokul, A., Bakare, O. O., Aina, O., Fisher, S., Burt, A. F., Mayumengwana, V., Keyster, M., & Klein, A. (2022). Biofertilizer: The future of food security and food safety. Microorganisms, 10(1220), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061220
Das, K., Sau, S., Datta, P., & Sengupta, D. (2017). Influence of bio-fertilizer on guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivation in gangetic alluvial plain of west bengal India. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 5(4), 476–482. https://doi.org/10.18006/2017.5(4).476.482
Debbarma, M., Hazarika, B. N., Wangchu, L., Debnath, P., Deo, C., & Singh, A. K. (2022). Effect of biofertilizers on growth and yield attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv L-49. International Journal of Horticulture and Food Science, 4(2), 227–230. https://doi.org/10.33545/26631067.2022.v4.i2c.144
Dheware, R. M., Nalage, N. A., Sawant, B. N., Haldavanekar, P. C., Raut, R. A., Munj, A. Y., & Sawant, S. N. (2020). Effect of different organic and biofertilizer sources on guava (Psidium guajava L). cv Allahabad safeda. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Photochemistry, 9(2), 94–96. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.959.25
Direktorat Perbenihan Hortikultura. (2007). Deskripsi jambu biji varietas ‘Kristal’. https://varietas.net/dbvarietas/deskripsi/3136.pdf.
Direktorat Budidaya dan Pascapanen Buah. (2015). Buku lapang jambu ‘Kristal’. Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura Kementerian Pertanian. Kementan-Kementerian Pertanian
Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura Kementerian Pertanian. (2015). Mengenal jambu ‘Kristal’. Kementan-Kementerian Pertanian. https://hortikultura.pertanian.go.id/?p=354
Dolkar, D., Bakshi, P., Gupta, M., Wali, V. K., Kumar, R., Hazarika, T. K., & Kher, D. (2017). Biochemical changes guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits during different stages of ripening. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 87(2), 257–260. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v87i2.67659
Gillaspy, G., Ben-David, H., & Gruissem, W. (1993). Fruits: A developmental perspective. The Plant Cell, 5(10), 1439–1451. https://doi.org/10.2307/3869794
Hafid, A., Nurchayati, Y., Hastuti, E. D., & Setiari, N. (2023). Vitamin C and total soluble solid content of crystal guava at different storage duration and ripeness. Jurnal Kultivasi, 22(2), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v22i2.44124
Havlin, J. L., Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L., & Beaton, J. D. (2017). Soil fertility and fertilizers: An introduction to nutrient management (8th ed.). Pearson Higher Education.
Hermansyah, D., & Susanto, S. (2018). Perbandingan perkembangan dan kualitas buah tiga aksesi jeruk pamelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.). Buletin Agrohorti, 6(2), 206–212. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v6i2.18809
Jiangwei W, Guangyu Z, Chengqun Y. 2020. A meta-analysis of the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the soil microbial community. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 11(3), 298-303. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.03.007
Karakurt, H., Kotan, R., Dadasoglu, F., Aslantas, R., & Sahin, F. (2011). Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on fruit set, pomological and chemical characteristics, color values, and vegetative growth of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus cv. Kutahya). Turkish Journal of Biology, 35(3), 283–291. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-0908-35
Karlidag, H., Esitken, A., Ercisli, S., & Donmez, M. (2010). The use of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) in organic apricot production. Acta Horticulture, 47(862), 309-312. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.862.47
Kotur, S. C., Ramkumar, R., & Singh, H. P. (2013). Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on composition of leaf and its relationship with fruit yield in ’Allahabad Safeda’ guava (Psidium guajava) on an Alfisol. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 67(12).
Li, J., Sun, D., & Cheng, J. (2016). Recent advances in nondestructive analytical techniques for determining the total soluble solids in fruits: a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 15(5), 897-911. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12217
Lodaya, B. P., & Masu, M. M. (2019). Effect of biofertilizer, manures and chemical fertilizers on fruit quality and shelf life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad safeda. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(4), 1209-1211.
Marschner, H. (2012). Mineral nutrition of higher plants (3rd ed.). Academic Press.
Natalia, C. E., Susanto, S., Suketi, K., & Hapsari, D. P. (2025). Effect of pruning branch bending, and biofertilizer application on flowering fruiting of guava ‘Crystal’. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 12(1), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.12.01.185-194
Prasad H, Sajwan P, Kumari M, Solanki SP. 2017. Effect of organic manures and biofertilizer on plant growth, yield and quality of horticultural crop: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(1), 217-221.
Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian. (2024). Statistik konsumsi pangan. Sekretariat Jenderal Kementrian Pertanian. Kementan-Kementerian Pertanian.
Rajkumar, Kaur, G., Mann, A., Lata, C., Singh, A., & Kumar, A. (2016). Biochemical changes in guava (Psidium guajava L) cv. Allahabad Safeda fruits as a function of maturity stages. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 86(12), 1595–1600. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v86i12.65602
Rakhmadina, V. D. (2013). Potensi oligochitosan, vitazyme, dan biofertilizer dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan, pertumbuhan, dan produksi padi (Oryza sativa L.) [Skripsi, IPB University]. IPB University Scientific Repository.
Rindiyani, S. D. (2019). Perbandingan kualitas jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) ‘Kristal’’ di dataran rendah dan dataran menengah [Skripsi, IPB University]. IPB University Scientific Repository.
Romalasari, A. (2016). Perbaikan kualitas jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) var ‘Kristal’ dengan pengaturan leaf fruit ratio dan pemberongsongan buah. [Tesis, IPB University]. IPB University Scientific Repository.
Simanungkalit, R. D. M., Suriadikarta, D. A., Saraswati, R., Setyorini, D., & Hartatik, W. 2006. Pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.
Singh, T. R., Singh, S., Singh, S. K., Singh, M. P., & Srivastava, B. K. (2004). Effect of integrated of nutrient management crop nutrient uptake and yield under okra-pea-tomato cropping system in a Molisol. Indian Journal Horticulture, 61, 312–314.
Sondang, Y., Anty, K., & Siregar, R. (2019). The effect of biofertilizer and inorganic fertilizer toward the nutrient uptake in maize plant (Zea mays L.). Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology, 3(2), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.32530/jaast.v3i2.121
Sourabh, Sharma, J. R., Baloda, S., Kumar, R., Shoeran, V., Vijay, & Saini, H. (2018). Response of organic amendments and biofertilizers on growth and yield of guava during rainy season. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 2692–2695.
Stebbins, R. L., & Wilder, K. L. (2003). Leaf analysis of nutrient disorders in tree fruits and small fruit. Oregon State University Extension Service
Sugiarto, M., Hardianto, & Suhardi. (1991). Sifat fisik dan kimiawi beberapa varietas jeruk manis (Citrus senensis L. Osbeck). Jurnal Hortikultura, 1(3), 39–43.
Sumira. (2017). Efisiensi hara pada perlakuan berbagai kombinasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk mineral [Skripsi, IPB University]. IPB University Scientific Repository.
Susanto, S., Melati, M., & Aziz, S. A. (2019). Pruning to improve flowering and fruiting of ‘Crystal’ guava. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 41(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v41i1.1954
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant Physiology and Development (6th ed.). Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers.
Triani, F., & Ariffin. (2019). Dampak variasi iklim terhadap produktivitas mangga (Mangifera indica) di Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Plantropica, 4(1), 49–56.
Widyastuti, R. A. D., Pujisiswanto, H., Warganegara, H. A., & Sutriana, E. S. (2023). Plant reproductive responses of guava ‘crystal’ under different paclobutrazol and NPK fertilizer doses. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 10(3), 238–243.
Widyastuti, R. D., Susanto, S., Melati, M., & Kurniawati, A. (2020). Pengaturan pembungaan tanaman jambu biji (Psidium guajava L) ‘Kristal’ melalui aplikasi waktu strangulasi yang berbeda. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 22(3), 259–266.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All publications by Buletin Agrohorti is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
