Peran Spektrum dan Intensitas Cahaya Buatan terhadap Kualitas Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Selama Penyimpanan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.14.2.73263Abstract
Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) adalah buah klimakterik yang mengalami peningkatan pematangan selama penyimpanan, membutuhkan penanganan pascapanen tepat untuk menjaga mutu buah. Light Emitting Diode (LED) mengubah energi listrik menjadi cahaya, berpotensi meningkatkan umur simpan produk hortikultura. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efek spektrum dan intensitas LED yang berbeda pada penyimpanan melalui penyusutan, produksi etilen, laju respirasi, degradasi warna, kelunakan, padatan terlarut total (PTT) dan asam tertitrasi total (ATT), dan vitamin C. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor yaitu pencahayaan dengan tujuh perlakuan kombinasi spektrum dan intensitas LED (Merah, Biru, Putih; Rendah dan Tinggi) serta gelap (dark) diamati selama 12 hari. Hasil menunjukkan penyinaran LED secara signifikan mempercepat pematangan yang ditandai peningkatan susut bobot dan produksi etilen. Suhu ruang penyimpanan LED naik menjadi 25 °C dibandingkan 22 °C pada dark, sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas buah. Perlakuan red-low (RL) mempercepat pematangan dengan susut bobot dan etilen tinggi, sedangkan red-high (RH) menahan laju pematangan. Red-high (RH) memperlambat aktivitas metabolisme buah dan menekan respirasi yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan dark, sehingga dapat mempertahankan bobot serta memperlambat pematangan. Penyinaran LED berpotensi meningkatkan vitamin C dan tingkat kemanisan, meskipun secara statistik penyinaran LED tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap kelunakan, laju respirasi, padatan terlarut total (PTT) dan asam tertitrasi total (ATT), rasio padatan terlarut total (PTT)/asam tertitrasi total (ATT), dan vitamin C.
Kata kunci: klimakterik, light emitting diode, pascapanen, pematangan, penyimpanan
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