Analisis Total Fenolik dan Total Flavonoid pada Ekstrak Daun In Vitro Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum annuum L.) Menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.14.2.72850Abstract
Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) sebagai komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi memiliki keragaman fisiologis dan biokimia antar genotipe. kajian mengenai dinamika pertumbuhan dan akumulasi metabolitnya penting dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan efisiensi kultur in vitro serta produksi senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh umur kultur dan perbedaan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif serta kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid pada tanaman cabai yang dikulturkan secara in vitro. Empat varietas cabai yaitu ‘Kopay’, ‘Laris’, ‘Caman’, dan ‘Pesona’, diamati pada umur kultur 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 8 minggu setelah kultur (MSK), dengan parameter meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kandungan total fenol, dan total flavonoid. Secara umum, tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun meningkat signifikan seiring bertambahnya umur kultur, meskipun pola pertumbuhan berbeda antar varietas. Berdasarkan uji homogenitas, varietas ‘Caman’ dan 'Pesona’ pada umur kultur yang sama, yaitu 8 MSK menunjukkan pertumbuhan tinggi terbaik dan jumlah daun terbanyak pada fase akhir kultur, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat unggul dan bahan baku untuk metabolisme sekunder. Berdasarkan analisis ANOVA dua arah, faktor interaksi antara faktor varietas dan umur kultur, faktor umur kultur, dan faktor varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar total fenolik dan total flavonoid pada ekstrak daun in vitro cabai. Kandungan total fenolik cenderung meningkat hingga 8 MSK, terutama pada varietas ‘Caman’, sementara total flavonoid mencapai nilai maksimum pada 2–4 MSK sebelum menurun kembali pada 8 MSK. Kadar total fenolik tertinggi terdapat pada saat umur kultur 8 MSK, yaitu 17.728 mg GAE 100 g-1 dan berbeda signifikan secara statistik dibandingkan dengan umur kultur 1, 2, dan 3 MSK. Varietas ‘Caman’ dan ‘Laris’ memiliki kadar total fenolik paling tinggi (masing-masing 15.712 dan 15.614 mg GAE 100 g-1) dan kadar flavonoid tertinggi (1.681 dan 1.641 mg RH 100 g-1) dan tidak berbeda nyata satu sama lain tetapi berbeda nyata dari varietas lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil uji Tukey HSD, senyawa flavonoid pada kultur cabai relatif stabil dan tidak terlalu dipengaruhi oleh umur kultur. Secara keseluruhan, umur kultur 4 MSK merupakan fase optimal untuk akumulasi fenolik dan flavonoid, dengan varietas ‘Caman’ sebagai genotipe paling potensial untuk produksi metabolit sekunder.
Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum, kultur jaringan, kurva standar, metabolit sekunder, umur kultur
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