Spatial Distribution of NO2 and PM10 Concentrations from Transportation Emissions in Yogyakarta

Abstract

As a city center for education and culture, Yogyakarta has experienced an increase of anthropogenic activities related to transportation sector, leading to a deterioration in air quality. This study aims to comprehensively analyze emission loads through a line source inventory across 20 arterial roads. We monitored air quality using High-Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) and Impinger sampling methodologies, and we simulated pollutant dispersion using the AERMOD model. The results indicate that emissions from the transportation sector range between 0.41 - 1.82 gr/s for NO_x and 0.08 - 0.36 gr/s for PM₁₀. Based on observation using HVAS method, PM₁₀ varied between 6.5 - 50.92 µg/m³, while NO₂ concentration is 0.89 - 1.5 µg/m³ in major roads. Our model using AERMOD showed a low error, indicating it is a reliable tool for simulating the dispersion of NO₂ and PM₁₀. Further, the findings suggest city development shall be supported by environmentally friendly transportation that minimize emission sources, and the enhancement of greening initiatives in susceptible areas.