Formulasi MIkroorganisme dalam Perlakuan Talek dan Molase untuk Proses Biodrying Sampah Organik
Microorganism Formulation in Talcum and Molasses for Organic Waste Bio-drying Process
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Biodrying merupakan teknik bioenergi yang memanfaatkan sampah untuk menghilangkan kadar air dan meningkatkan nilai kalor serta suhu sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengaplikasikan formulasi konsorsium mikrob dengan talk dan molase untuk proses biodrying sampah organic, mengukur pengaruh bahan pembawa terhadap efektivitas biodrying, serta mencari waktu yang optimal untuk proses biodrying. Konsorsium mikrob yang digunakan adalah Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12, Lactobacillus plantarum IN05, Rhizobium sp. RIKG, Sacharomyces cerevisiae L1, Streptomyces sp. A4J, dan Trichoderma sp. T2J dari koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi IPB. Penggunaan konsorsium mikrob dapat mempengaruhi hasil biodrying limbah organik yang diukur meliputi nilai kalor, kadar air, dan penurunan bobot. Formulasi dengan molase dapat meningkatkan efisiensi biodrying (0,57), meningkatkan nilai kalor (118%-129%), kadar air (56%), penurunan bobot (34,5%), rasio C/N (32), dan suhu yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahan pembawa lain. Formulasi dalam bentuk talek memiliki masa simpan yang lebih lama dibandingkan dengan molase. Oleh karena itu, formulasi dengan bahan pembawa molase berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi biodrying dan talek dapat meningkatkan viabilitas masa simpan konsorsium mikrob.
Kata kunci: Biodrying, konsorsium mikrob, sampah organik, molase, talek.
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References
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Brunner IMI, Norhidayat A, M. Brunner S. 2021. Pengolahan sampah organik dan limbah biomassa dengan teknologi olah sampah di sumbernya. J Serambi Eng. 6(3):2085–2095.doi:10.32672/jse.v6i3.3120.
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da Silva APFC, Dorigan BSR, da Silva-Neto JM, Rosa-Magri MM, Rossi F, Francisco KR, Ceccato-Antonini SR, Fontanetti A. 2024. Soy molasses as culture medium for Bacillus species aiming at plant growth promotion. Fermentation. 10(8).doi:10.3390/ fermentation10080403.
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Hao Z, Yang B, Jahng D. 2018. Spent coffee ground as a new bulking agent for accelerated biodrying of dewatered sludge. Water Res. 138:250–263.doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.049.
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Kumar A, Jha A. 2017. Host–pathogen interaction. Anticandidal Agents.:7–10.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811311-0.00002-8.
Liu B, Yang Z, Huan H, Gu H, Xu N, Ding C. 2020. Impact of molasses and microbial inoculants on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial and fungal microbiomes of barley silage. Sci. Rep. 10(1):1–10.doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62290-7.
Ma J, Zhang L, Mu L, Zhu K, Li A. 2019b. Multivariate insights of bulking agents influence on co-biodrying of sewage sludge and food waste: Process performance, organics degradation and microbial community. Sci. Total Environ. 681:18–27.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.101.
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Mulyani S, Oalia D, Seprido. 2022. Uji karakteristik fisik (pH, suhu, tekstur,warna, bau dan berat) kompos tumbuhan pakis resam (Gleichenia linearis) yang diperkaya kotoran sapi. J. Green Swarnadwipa. 11(3):511–522.
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Ngamket K, Wangyao K, Patumsawad S, Chaiwiwatworakul P, Towprayoon S. 2021. Quality improvement of mixed MSW drying using a pilot-scale solar greenhouse biodrying system. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 23(2):436–448.doi:10.1007/s10163-020-01152-w.
Özbay İ, Özbay B, Akdemir U. 2022. Biodrying for fuel recovery from sewage sludge: An integrated evaluation by ultimate and proximate analyses. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy. 41(1).doi:10.1002/ep.13723.
Payomthip P, Towprayoon S, Chiemchaisri C, Patumsawad S, Wangyao K. 2022. Optimization of Aeration for Accelerating Municipal Solid Waste Biodrying. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 11(3):878–888.doi:10.14710/ijred.2022.45143.
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Ratna DAP, Samudro G, Sumiyati S. 2017. Pengaruh Kadar Air Terhadap Proses Pengomposan Sampah Organik Dengan Metode Takakura. J. Tek. Mesin. 6(2):63.doi:10.22441/jtm.v6i2.1192.
dos Reis RF, Sergio Cordeiro J, Font X, Laguna Achon C. 2020. The biodrying process of sewage sludge–a review. Dry. Technol. 38(10):1247–1260.doi:10.1080/07373937.2019.1629689.
Sarkar P, Chourasia R. 2017. Bioconversion of organic solid wastes into biofortified compost using a microbial consortium. Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agric. 6(4):321–334.doi:10.1007/s40093-017-0180-8.
Septiariva IY, Suryawan IWK, Sari MM. 2022. Vegetable Waste Biodrying Treatment for Energy Recovery as Refuse Derived Fuel Potential. J. Tek. Kim. dan Lingkung. 6(2):138–146.doi:10.33795/jtkl.v6i2.316.
Sugni M, Calcaterra E, Adani F. 2005. Biostabilization-biodrying of municipal solid waste by inverting air-flow. Bioresour. Technol. 96(12):1331–1337.doi:10.1016/ j.biortech.2004.11.016.
Swandi MK, Mubarik NR, Tjahjoleksono A. 2019. Rhizobacterial inoculants: The formulation as biofertilizer and its application on chili plants (Capsicum annum L.). Malays. J. Microbiol. 15(1):44–51.doi:10.21161/mjm.112517.
Tambone F, Scaglia B, Scotti S, Adani F. 2011a. Effects of biodrying process on municipal solid waste properties. Bioresour. Technol. 102(16):7443–7450.doi:10.1016/ j.biortech.2011.05.010.
[UNEP] United Nations Environment Programme. 2024. Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 : Beyond An Age of Waste. [diakses 10 Des 2024] https://www.unep.org/resources/global-waste-management-outlook-2024
Visciglia A, Allesina S, Amoruso A, De Prisco A, Dhir R, Bron PA, Pane M. 2022. Assessment of shelf-life and metabolic viability of a multi-strain synbiotic using standard and innovative enumeration technologies. Front. Microbiol. 13(November):1–8.doi:10.3389/ fmicb.2022.989563.
Wang K, Li M qi, Chang Y peng, Zhang B, Zhao Q zhi, Zhao W li. 2020. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor OsBLR1 regulates leaf angle in rice via brassinosteroid signalling. Plant Mol. Biol. 102(6):589–602.doi:10.1007/s11103-020-00965-5.
Wiharyanto O, Mochtar H, Ika BP, Purwono P. 2018. Decomposition of food waste using bulking agent and bio-drying technology. E3S Web Conf. 73.doi:10.1051/ e3sconf/20187305013.
Yang B, Zhang L, Jahng D. 2014. Importance of Initial Moisture Content and Bulking Agent for Biodrying Sewage Sludge. Dry. Technol. 32(2):135–144.doi:10.1080/ 07373937.2013.795586.
Yuan J, Zhang D, Ma R, Wang G, Li Y, Li S, Tang H, Zhang B, Li D, Li G. 2019. Effects of inoculation amount and application method on the biodrying performance of municipal solid waste and the odor emissions produced. Waste Manag. 93:91–99.doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.029.
Yunus M, Ohba N, Shimojo M, Furuse M, Masuda Y. 2000. Effects of Adding Urea and Molasses on Napiergrass Silage Quality. Rumin. Nutr. Forage Util. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 2. 13(11):1542–1547.doi:https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.1542.
Zawadzka A, Krzystek L, Stolarek P, Ledakowicz S. 2010. Biodrying of organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. Dry. Technol. 28(10):1220–1226.doi:10.1080/07373937. 2010.483034.
Zhang H, Hu J, Peng X, Zhou L, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Yin H, Meng D. 2024. Impacts of ammoniacal odour removal bioagent on air bacterial community. Adv. Biotechnol. 2(1).doi:10.1007/s44307-024-00016-w.
Zhang HY, Krafft T, Gao D, Zheng G Di, Cai L. 2018. Lignocellulose biodegradation in the biodrying process of sewage sludge and sawdust. Dry. Technol. 36(3):316–324.doi:10.1080/07373937.2017.1326502.
Ariani NS, Simarmata T. 2023. A systematic review: current technology of solid carrier formulation to improve viability and effectiveness of nitrogen-fixing inoculant. Agrikultura. 34(1):48.doi:10.24198/agrikultura.v34i1.43138.
Bazar JA, Rahimi M, Fathinia S, Jafari M, Chipakwe V, Chehreh Chelgani S. 2021. Talc flotation—an overview. Minerals. 11(7):8–13.doi:10.3390/min11070662.
Bhatsada A, Patumsawad S, Itsarathorn T, Towprayoon S, Chiemchaisri C, Phongphiphat A, Wangyao K. 2023. Improvement of energy recovery potential of wet-refuse-derived fuel through bio-drying process. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 25(2):637–649.doi:10.1007/s10163-022-01545-z.
Bilgin M, Tulun Ş. 2015. Biodrying for municipal solid waste: volume and weight reduction. Environ. Technol. (United Kingdom). 36(13):1691–1697.doi:10.1080/09593330.2015. 1006262.
Brunner IMI, Norhidayat A, M. Brunner S. 2021. Pengolahan sampah organik dan limbah biomassa dengan teknologi olah sampah di sumbernya. J Serambi Eng. 6(3):2085–2095.doi:10.32672/jse.v6i3.3120.
Cai L, Chen T Bin, Zheng SW, Liu HT, Zheng G Di. 2018. Decomposition of lignocellulose and readily degradable carbohydrates during sewage sludge biodrying, insights of the potential role of microorganisms from a metagenomic analysis. Chemosphere. 201:127–136.doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.177.
Cao MK, Guo HT, Zheng G Di, Chen T Bin, Cai L. 2021. Microbial succession and degradation during kitchen waste biodrying, highlighting the thermophilic phase. Bioresour Technol. 326(1):124762.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124762.
Chaerul M, Wardhani AK. 2020. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) dari sampah perkotaan dengan proses biodrying: review. J. Presipitasi Media Komun. Pengemb. Tek. Lingkung. 17(1):62–74.
Colomer-Mendoza FJ, Herrera-Prats L, Robles-Martínez F, Gallardo-Izquierdo A, Piña-Guzmán AB. 2013. Effect of airflow on biodrying of gardening wastes in reactors. J. Environ. Sci. (China). 25(5):865–872.doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(12)60123-5.
da Silva APFC, Dorigan BSR, da Silva-Neto JM, Rosa-Magri MM, Rossi F, Francisco KR, Ceccato-Antonini SR, Fontanetti A. 2024. Soy molasses as culture medium for Bacillus species aiming at plant growth promotion. Fermentation. 10(8).doi:10.3390/ fermentation10080403.
Darojat K, Yusrina A, Ardhianto R. 2024. Pengaruh proses biodrying dalam pemanfaatan biomasa menjadi solid recovery fuel (SRF). J. Teknik Lingkungan. 10(1):45–52.
Fiki AC, Hadiwododo M, Zaman B, Zaman B. 2022. Teknologi biodrying untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor sampah dan proyeksinya sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pada tahun 2028. J. Ilmu Lingkung. 20(1):139–146.doi:10.14710/jil.20.1.139-146.
Guo YX, Chen QJ, Qin Y, Yang YR, Yang QZ, Wang YX, Cheng Z an, Cao N, Zhang GQ. 2021. Succession of the microbial communities and function prediction during short-term peach sawdust-based composting. Bioresour. Technol. 332(3):125079.doi:10.1016/ j.biortech.2021.125079.
Ham GY, Matsuto T, Tojo Y, Matsuo T. 2020. Material and moisture balance in a full-scale bio-drying MBT system for solid recovered fuel production. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 22(1):167–175.doi:10.1007/s10163-019-00925-2.
Hao Z, Yang B, Jahng D. 2018. Spent coffee ground as a new bulking agent for accelerated biodrying of dewatered sludge. Water Res. 138:250–263.doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.049.
Jurado M, López MJ, Suárez-Estrella F, Vargas-García MC, López-González JA, Moreno J. 2014. Exploiting composting biodiversity: study of the persistent and biotechnologically relevant microorganisms from lignocellulose-based composting. Bioresour Technol. 162:283–293.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.145.
Kumar A, Jha A. 2017. Host–pathogen interaction. Anticandidal Agents.:7–10.doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811311-0.00002-8.
Liu B, Yang Z, Huan H, Gu H, Xu N, Ding C. 2020. Impact of molasses and microbial inoculants on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial and fungal microbiomes of barley silage. Sci. Rep. 10(1):1–10.doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62290-7.
Ma J, Zhang L, Mu L, Zhu K, Li A. 2019b. Multivariate insights of bulking agents influence on co-biodrying of sewage sludge and food waste: Process performance, organics degradation and microbial community. Sci. Total Environ. 681:18–27.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.101.
[MENLHK] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2023. Capaian Kinerja Pengelolaan Sampah. [diakses 20 Juni 2022] https://sipsn.menlhk.go.id/sipsn/
Minarti A, Aphirta S, Marendra SMP, Rahmiyati L. 2023. The application of biodrying method for organic waste treatment in Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 1239(1).doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1239/1/012032.
Mulyani S, Oalia D, Seprido. 2022. Uji karakteristik fisik (pH, suhu, tekstur,warna, bau dan berat) kompos tumbuhan pakis resam (Gleichenia linearis) yang diperkaya kotoran sapi. J. Green Swarnadwipa. 11(3):511–522.
Nakasaki K, Tran LTH, Idemoto Y, Abe M, Rollon AP. 2009. Comparison of organic matter degradation and microbial community during thermophilic composting of two different types of anaerobic sludge. Bioresour. Technol. 100(2):676–682.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.046.
Ngamket K, Wangyao K, Patumsawad S, Chaiwiwatworakul P, Towprayoon S. 2021. Quality improvement of mixed MSW drying using a pilot-scale solar greenhouse biodrying system. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 23(2):436–448.doi:10.1007/s10163-020-01152-w.
Özbay İ, Özbay B, Akdemir U. 2022. Biodrying for fuel recovery from sewage sludge: An integrated evaluation by ultimate and proximate analyses. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy. 41(1).doi:10.1002/ep.13723.
Payomthip P, Towprayoon S, Chiemchaisri C, Patumsawad S, Wangyao K. 2022. Optimization of Aeration for Accelerating Municipal Solid Waste Biodrying. Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. 11(3):878–888.doi:10.14710/ijred.2022.45143.
Peng W, Zhang L, Wei M, Wu B, Xiao M, Zhang R, Ju J, Dong C, Du L, Zheng Y, et al. 2024. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L) and molasses (M) on nutrient composition, aerobic stability, and microflora of alfalfa silage in sandy grasslands. Front. Microbiol. 15(April):1–17.doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358085.
Puspasari F, Radjasa OK, Noer AS, Nurachman Z, Syah YM, van der Maarel M, Dijkhuizen L, Janeček S, Natalia D. 2013. Raw starch-degrading α-amylase from Bacillus aquimaris MKSC 6.2: Isolation and expression of the gene, bioinformatics and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme. J. Appl. Microbiol. 114(1):108–120.doi:10.1111/jam.12025.
Rakian TC, Karimuna L, Taufik M, Sutariati GAK, Muhidin, Fermin U. 2018. The effectiveness of various Rhizobacteria carriers to improve the shelf life and the stability of Rhizobacteria as Bioherbicide. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 122(1).doi:10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012032.
Ratna DAP, Samudro G, Sumiyati S. 2017. Pengaruh Kadar Air Terhadap Proses Pengomposan Sampah Organik Dengan Metode Takakura. J. Tek. Mesin. 6(2):63.doi:10.22441/jtm.v6i2.1192.
dos Reis RF, Sergio Cordeiro J, Font X, Laguna Achon C. 2020. The biodrying process of sewage sludge–a review. Dry. Technol. 38(10):1247–1260.doi:10.1080/07373937.2019.1629689.
Sarkar P, Chourasia R. 2017. Bioconversion of organic solid wastes into biofortified compost using a microbial consortium. Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agric. 6(4):321–334.doi:10.1007/s40093-017-0180-8.
Septiariva IY, Suryawan IWK, Sari MM. 2022. Vegetable Waste Biodrying Treatment for Energy Recovery as Refuse Derived Fuel Potential. J. Tek. Kim. dan Lingkung. 6(2):138–146.doi:10.33795/jtkl.v6i2.316.
Sugni M, Calcaterra E, Adani F. 2005. Biostabilization-biodrying of municipal solid waste by inverting air-flow. Bioresour. Technol. 96(12):1331–1337.doi:10.1016/ j.biortech.2004.11.016.
Swandi MK, Mubarik NR, Tjahjoleksono A. 2019. Rhizobacterial inoculants: The formulation as biofertilizer and its application on chili plants (Capsicum annum L.). Malays. J. Microbiol. 15(1):44–51.doi:10.21161/mjm.112517.
Tambone F, Scaglia B, Scotti S, Adani F. 2011a. Effects of biodrying process on municipal solid waste properties. Bioresour. Technol. 102(16):7443–7450.doi:10.1016/ j.biortech.2011.05.010.
[UNEP] United Nations Environment Programme. 2024. Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 : Beyond An Age of Waste. [diakses 10 Des 2024] https://www.unep.org/resources/global-waste-management-outlook-2024
Visciglia A, Allesina S, Amoruso A, De Prisco A, Dhir R, Bron PA, Pane M. 2022. Assessment of shelf-life and metabolic viability of a multi-strain synbiotic using standard and innovative enumeration technologies. Front. Microbiol. 13(November):1–8.doi:10.3389/ fmicb.2022.989563.
Wang K, Li M qi, Chang Y peng, Zhang B, Zhao Q zhi, Zhao W li. 2020. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor OsBLR1 regulates leaf angle in rice via brassinosteroid signalling. Plant Mol. Biol. 102(6):589–602.doi:10.1007/s11103-020-00965-5.
Wiharyanto O, Mochtar H, Ika BP, Purwono P. 2018. Decomposition of food waste using bulking agent and bio-drying technology. E3S Web Conf. 73.doi:10.1051/ e3sconf/20187305013.
Yang B, Zhang L, Jahng D. 2014. Importance of Initial Moisture Content and Bulking Agent for Biodrying Sewage Sludge. Dry. Technol. 32(2):135–144.doi:10.1080/ 07373937.2013.795586.
Yuan J, Zhang D, Ma R, Wang G, Li Y, Li S, Tang H, Zhang B, Li D, Li G. 2019. Effects of inoculation amount and application method on the biodrying performance of municipal solid waste and the odor emissions produced. Waste Manag. 93:91–99.doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.029.
Yunus M, Ohba N, Shimojo M, Furuse M, Masuda Y. 2000. Effects of Adding Urea and Molasses on Napiergrass Silage Quality. Rumin. Nutr. Forage Util. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 2. 13(11):1542–1547.doi:https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.1542.
Zawadzka A, Krzystek L, Stolarek P, Ledakowicz S. 2010. Biodrying of organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. Dry. Technol. 28(10):1220–1226.doi:10.1080/07373937. 2010.483034.
Zhang H, Hu J, Peng X, Zhou L, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Yin H, Meng D. 2024. Impacts of ammoniacal odour removal bioagent on air bacterial community. Adv. Biotechnol. 2(1).doi:10.1007/s44307-024-00016-w.
Zhang HY, Krafft T, Gao D, Zheng G Di, Cai L. 2018. Lignocellulose biodegradation in the biodrying process of sewage sludge and sawdust. Dry. Technol. 36(3):316–324.doi:10.1080/07373937.2017.1326502.
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How to Cite
Mubarik, N.R. and Iman, R. (2025) “Formulasi MIkroorganisme dalam Perlakuan Talek dan Molase untuk Proses Biodrying Sampah Organik: Microorganism Formulation in Talcum and Molasses for Organic Waste Bio-drying Process”, Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia [Preprint], (00). Available at: https://journal.ipb.ac.id/JIPI/article/view/61084 (Accessed: 23 December 2025).
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