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Abstract
Abstract
Physical and mechanical properties of palm frond are very important factor for the development of palm oil waste utilization technology. The objective of this research was to determine mechanical properties of palm frond Frond for Chopper Machine Designing. The research of composting conduct with two composting factor combination, namely: composting starter composition (i.e. Bokashi, vermi-compost and natural composting) and piece of frond dimension (2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm). Sample was obtained from 5 years and 20 years palm oil trees. The average length of palm frond was 675.89 cm, average leaflet length at the palm frond base was 103.89 cm and average leaflet length at palm frond tip was 23.83 cm. Maximum compression strength at the 20 years-palm frond base was 8134.62 N and at the 5 years-palm midrib base was 4893.52 N. Maximum force requirement for cutting palm leaf was 67.67 N. The composting process
indicates that Bokashi starter composition gives higher percentage of mass reduction on all variant of piece of frond dimension. Smaller piece of frond (2 cm) enable the composting process quicker and had a better result. Statistical analysis reveals that combination of composting factors have significant effect on C/N ratio but insignificant on NPK content.
Abstrak
Karakteristik fisik dan mekanik pelepah sawit merupakan faktor penting dalam pengembangan teknologi penanganan limbah pelepah sawit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan karakteristik fisik dan mekanik dari pelepah sawit untuk mendesain mesin pencacah daun sawit. Kombinasi metode pengomposan (bokashi, vermikompos, natural kompos) dan ukuran cacahan daun sawit (2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm) juga diteliti. Sampel pelepah sawit diperoleh dari pohon yang berumur 5 tahun dan 20 tahun. Panjang pelepah sawit adalah 675.89 cm, panjang daun rata-rata pada pangkal adalah 103.89 cm dan panjang daun rata-rata pada ujung pelepah adalah 23.83 cm. Kekuatan tekan maksimum pelepah pada bagian pangkal pelepah yang berumur 20 tahun yaitu 8134.62 N dan pada pelepah yang berumur 5 tahun yaitu 4893.52 N. Tahanan potong maksimum daun adalah 67.67 N. Proses pengomposan menunjukkan bahwa metode pengomposan bokashi memberikan persentase penurunan massa yang paling besar dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya. Cacahan daun pelepah 2 cm memberikan proses pengomposan yang lebih baik. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa metode pengomposan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada rasio C/N tetapi tidak signifikan pada kandungan NPK.
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