Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract
Current Mechanical fertilizer applicators using centrifugal spreading system could not be applied to young palm oil trees (under 5 years old) and hence needed to be modified. The research was to design a fertilizer spreading system, using a pneumatic system. The design used a positive type pneumatic pressure to blow the granular fertilizer out of the metering device to the soil surface around the tree. The metering device was designed to deliver the fertilizer in several application rates, i.e.: 0.25, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 kg/tree. Based on pressure drop analysis the pneumatic system needed a power of 0.71 kW, where the blower should be rotated at 3000 rpm to produce an air flow of ± 0.3375 m3/s. A This prototipe spreader was tested in the field at 0.55 and 1.7 m/s forward speed one at a time. Test results showed that the spreader could deliver the fertilizer to the targetted area around the palm oil trees with an accurate application rate. However, the distribution of the fertilizer was relatively low at a range of coefficient of variance of 0.47-0.77.
Abstrak
Mesin pemupuk yang menggunakan mekanisme gaya sentrifugal, perlu dimodifikasi, karena tidak dapat diaplikasikan untuk memupuk tanaman kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan (di bawah 5 tahun). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merancang sistem penabur pupuk, menggunakan sistem pneumatik, dimana Penjatah pupuk didesain untuk menghembuskan pupuk pada beberapa dosis pemupukan, yaitu: 0.25, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 dan 1.5 kg/tanaman. Berdasarkan analisis kehilangan tekanan, sistem pneumatik ini membutuhkan daya 0.71 kW pada putaran blower 3000 rpm yang menghasilkan aliran udara sebesar ±0.3375 m3/s.
Prototipe penabur pupuk ini telah diuji di lapang pada kecepatan maju 0.55 m/s dan 1.7 m/s. Hasil pengujian
menunjukkan bahwa penabur pupuk ini dapat menghembuskan pupuk ke sasaran di sekitar tanaman
kelapa sawit dengan laju pemupukan yang akurat. Namun, sebaran pupuk relatif rendah dengan koefisien ragam antara 0.47 - 0.77.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting manuscripts should understand and agree that copyright of manuscripts of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA) where Authors and Readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, but they must give appropriate credit (cite to the article or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
References
- Aswin, D.B. 2015. Rancangan konseptual mesin penggerak aplikator pupuk butiran dengan mekanisme pengangkat pelepah daun (skripsi). Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem
- Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Bogor.
- Cunningham, F.M. dan E.Y.S. Chao. 1967. Design relationships for centrifugal fertilizer distributors. Transactions of the ASAE Vol. 10(1):91-95.
- Fauzi, Y., Y.E. Widyastuti, I. Satyawibawa, R.H. Paeru. 2012. Kelapa Sawit. Depok. Penebar Swadaya.
- Grift, T.E., J.T. Walker, J.E. Hofstee. 1997. Aerodynamic properties of individual fertilizer particles. American Society of Agriculture Engineers Vol. 40(1):13-20.
- Gunawan, P., R.P.A. Setiawan, IW. Astika. 2013. Pengembangan dan uji kinerja mesin pemupuk dosis variable pada budidaya padi sawah dengan konsep pertanian presisi. Jurnal Keteknikan
- Pertanian Vol. 25(1):1-9.
- Irfansyah, D.A. 2015. Desain dan uji kinerja penjatah pupuk untuk mesin pemupukan kelapa sawit (skripsi). Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Bogor.
- Kim, Y.J., H.J. Kim, K.H. Ryu, J.Y. Rhee. 2008. Fertilizer application performance of a variable rate pneumatic granular applicator for rice production. Journal of Biosystems Engineering
- Vol. 100(2008):498-510.
- Ridawati. 2002. Pemupukan tanaman kelapa sawit Elaeis guineensis Jacq di PTPN VII unit usaha Betung Krawo Musi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan (skripsi). Departemen agronomi dan Hortikultura Fakultas Pertanian. Bogor.
- Srivastava, A.K., C.E. Goering, R.P. Rohrbach. 1993. Engineering Principles of Agricultural Machines. Michigan. American Society of Agriculture Engineers.
- Sularso dan K. Suga. 2004. Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin. Jakarta. Pradnya Paramita.