The "Jurnal Sumberdaya HAYATI" is a peer-reviewed and an open access journal published by Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. The journal publishes significant and important research from all area of biodiversity, biosystematics, ecology, physiology, behavior, genetics and biotechnology. All life forms, ranging from microbes, fungi, plants, animals, and human, including virus. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to users or / institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to full text articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or author. This is in accordance with Budapest Open Access Initiative.
Departemen Biologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor
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Perilaku Harian Udang Air Tawar Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879) terhadap Perbedaan Arus pada Pengkondisian Laboratorium
Macrobrachium pilimanus is a type of freshwater prawn commonly found in Indonesian waters. This species is reported to have abbreviated larval development (ALD), and its life cycle is greatly influenced by the conditions of their environment, including the water currents. This study examined the relationship between water currents and the daily behavior of the M. pilimanus freshwater prawn. We observed the behavioral pattern using the scan sampling method on six individuals from two treatments (strong current and slow current) over 64 hours, with observations taken every 60 minutes. Our results showed a dominant behavior of M. pilimanus hiding in places with strong currents and high ingestion behavior. In contrast, the prawns that were not exposed to water currents predominantly showed partially inactive behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Dhiya'ur Rachman, Intan Ratu Pratiwi, Lintang Yodhy, Rika Raffiudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transformasi Genetik Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varietas IPB CP2 dengan Gen OsGERLP
High dissolved aluminum (Al) content in acidic soil can inhibit root elongation, especially in plants sensitive to Al. The OsGERLP gene is known to be an Al tolerance gene in rice, but the role of this gene in other plants is not yet known. Introduction of the OsGERLP gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediation has been conducted and resulted in putative transgenic plants with transformation and regeneration efficiency of 72.62% and 17.24% respectively using leaf explants and 71.3% and 87.65% using internode explants. Transgene integration analysis in transgenic plants has been performed showing that all transgenic clones contain the OsGERLP gene under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter, indicated by the formation of 1500 bp amplicons. Transgenic plant clones have been tested for Al stress using liquid MS medium with different media and pH combinations. In vitro testing showed that transgenic plant clones have higher tolerance compared to non-transgenic plants. Morphological analysis on Al stressed media showed that transgenic plant clones performed better in all parameters including plant height, total root length, number of roots, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Nurhasanah, Aris Tjahjoleksono, M. Miftahudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Nutrisi Terhadap Jumlah Bakteri Indigenous pada Limbah Tahu
Indigenous bacteria found in natural environments, such as tofu waste, are strongly influenced by environmental factors and environmental nutrients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tofu waste nutrients on the number of indigenous bacteria in tofu waste. The parameters observed were the characteristics of tofu waste, such as color, aroma, acidity level (pH), and analysis of nutrient content through proximate tests, as well as the calculation of the number of indigenous bacteria using the Total Plate Count method. The results showed that tofu waste was yellowish in color and had a soy aroma, but there was a slight sour aroma in tofu liquid waste. Tofu solid waste had a pH of 6, while tofu liquid waste had a pH of 5. The levels of nutrients, namely protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, were higher in tofu solid waste, while the water content was higher in tofu liquid waste. The total indigenous bacteria in tofu solid waste were higher (3.78 × 106 CFU/mL) than in tofu liquid waste (5.55 × 105 CFU/mL). This study concluded that high nutrient content correlated with an increase in the number of indigenous bacteria in tofu waste.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siska Tridesianti, Adisty Virakawugi Darniwa, Yani Suryani, Devi Novianti, Luthfi Akmal Aji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Antibacterial Activity tof Taro Leaf Stalk Ethanol Extract (Colocasia esculenta) against Acne-Causing Bacteria
Acne is a skin disease caused by several factors, including infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Natural compounds have been used to reduce side effects from anti-acne drugs. Colocasia esculenta has been found effective as a drug and potential antibacterial agent. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of C. esculenta leaf stalk ethanol 70% extract against S. epidermidis and its bioactive compound. The extract was produced using the maceration method. The antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method with concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%, and clindamycin was used as a positive control. The clear zone was measured for antibacterial activity data interpretation. The results showed a clear zone at all concentrations except 0.5%, with values of 17.33, 20, 25, and 27.67 mm, respectively. The clear zone value for the positive control was 47 mm. Phytochemical screening of the taro leaf stalk ethanol 70% extract had positive results for all phytochemical tests. The results indicate that Colocasia esculenta leaf stalk ethanol 70% extract is potentially an antibacterial against S. epidermidis and contains other bioactive compounds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ewith Ratih Irianti, Lidia Anggita Ramadhani, Firdaus Ramadhan, Susan Maphilindawati Noor, Vilya Syafriana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Leaves from Four Baduy Plant Species as a Potential Source of Natural Bioactive Compounds
Baduy indigenous plants have great potential as natural sources of bioactive compounds, yet scientific studies on their biological activities remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and total phenolic content of the leaves from four Baduy plant species: Gardenia jasminoides, Strobilanthes crispus, Ficus callosa, and Artocarpus camansi. The leaves were extracted with methanol, followed by fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using the broth dilution method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of A. camansi leaves exhibited the highest total phenolic content (23.53 mg GAE/g extract). This fraction demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in the ABTS assay (IC50 = 18.55 ppm) and moderate activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 50.67 ppm). Moreover, it showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa. These findings indicate that A. camansi leaves possess promising potential as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vera Permatasari, Angger Arfi Riskiana, Asep Saefurohman, Muhammad Eka Prastya, Rafifa Ridha, Gian Primahana, Indah Dwiatmi Dewijanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Studi Ekologi Macrobrachium lanchesteri di Habitat Perairan IPB University
Macrobrachium lanchesteri merupakan udang air tawar yang menyebar luas di perairan Indonesia dan berpotensi mengganggu ekosistem lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aspek ekologi M. lanchesteri di Telaga Inspirasi, Kampus IPB Dramaga. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada delapan titik menggunakan perangkap berumpan usus ayam selama 48 jam, disertai pengukuran kualitas air (pH, suhu, DO). Hasil menunjukkan kelimpahan individu tertinggi pada titik dengan substrat berlumpur dan vegetasi tepi, khususnya titik 1 dan 4. Suhu dan pH perairan berkisar antara 29,2-30,8 °C dan 6,5-6,8, sedangkan DO berada pada 5,6-6,3 mg/L. Kondisi optimum bagi kelimpahan udang teridentifikasi pada suhu 29-29,5 °C, pH netral (6,5-6,6), dan DO >6 mg/L. Penurunan drastis kelimpahan pada pengulangan kedua diindikasikan akibat kualitas umpan yang menurun. Temuan ini mengonfirmasi preferensi habitat M. lanchesteri pada area bervegetasi dan menunjukkan potensi invasi serta dominansi ekologis yang perlu dimonitor secara berkelanjutan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Wardah Assaumi, Marsha Hapsarini, Aviani Rinfi Shafira, Firnandez Ngariswara Vidsia Sadana, Windra Priawandiputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Farm to Field: Spent Mushroom Substrate as Potential Anti-Fungal Agents and Plant Growth Enhancer
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a result of mushroom growing utilizing mushroom substrate media, such as substrate. Unhandled SMS garbage demands a subscription and poses an environmental risk. The SMS was obtained from oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Jonggol, Bogor, West Java, using a mixture of sawdust, lime, and bran. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of using SMS as a planting medium and biofertilizer for the growth of maize (Zea mays), also on determining the optimum concentration of SMS as an anti-pathogen for the plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This research utilized a completely randomized design. The antifungal test results for SMS water extract against Fusarium oxysporum showed that the fungus was inhibited from growing at 60 to 100% extract concentrations. The use of SMS as a growing medium gave the best results on the growth of the number of plant leaves. Microscopic observation of the morphology of fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed that there was damage to the structure of fungal hyphae in the treatment of SMS water extract with 100% extract concentration. SMS might offer an eco-friendly solution for enhancing agricultural productivity and promoting waste valorization in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rachmi Yunisaastari, Ivan Permana Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Keragaman Komunitas Bakteri pada Lambung Madu Lebah Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, dan Tetragonula laeviceps
Bees are one of the pollinators that a honey producing agent as well. Honey derives from nectar that stored and procees in honey stomach. The quality of honey is determined by physical, chemical and microbes in the honey stomach as well. This study was aimed to analyze the diversity of bacterial communities (bacterial metagenome) derived from bee’s honey stomach of A. mellifera, A. cerana, and T. laeviceps using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) method. Previous researches of bacterial communities are more focused on the entire digestive tract, which is not specifically in honey stomach of the bees. The diversity of bacterial communities showed differences among three bee’s species. The number one of A. cerana has the highest number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), i.e., 15 OTUs compared to the other sample. While the T. laeviceps number two show the highest percentage of OTU dominant at 59.4%. The bacterial community in bees honey stomach of A. mellifera, A. cerana, T. laeviceps the similarity of bacteria from phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Fusobacteria. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla are found only in A. cerana honey stomach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitri Rosadela, Iman Rusmana, Rika Raffiudin, Nurjanah
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Jamur AS-3 yang Diisolasi dari Akar Sambiloto
Sambiloto, often referred to as the “Raja Pahit”, is a plant belonging to the Acanthaceae family. This plant is known to produce secondary metabolite compounds with various biological benefits, including antioxidant properties. Antioxidant compounds have been shown to counteract the formation of free radicals that are harmful to the body. The antioxidant activity of the Sambiloto plant can be evaluated using endophytic fungi associated with it. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolite compounds and evaluate the antioxidant activity of AS-3 Fungus isolated from the Sambiloto roots. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of AS-3 contained terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. In addition, the antioxidant activity test showed promising results, with an IC50 value of 10.225 ppm, indicating high antioxidant potential. This is the first report on the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity test of the ethyl acetate extract of AS-3 fungus isolated from Sambiloto roots.
Copyright (c) 2025 Randi Sagia, Riga Riga, Febby Octavia Dewita, Fitri Yuranda, Dewi Meliati Agustini
Identifikasi Tumbuhan Pakan dalam Feses Kerbau (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus) di Desa Penyangga Kawasan Taman Nasional Way Kambas
The elephant in Way Kambas National Park (TNWK) is living side by side with the buffalos at the grazing area of TNWK’s buffer village. Considering that, the elephant may compete for food when the buffalo enters the conservation area. Data on the diversity of forage plant species is needed in managing buffalos livestock. This study aimed to identify the forage plants from undigested plant fragments in buffalo feces samples from TNWK’s buffer village. Samples were taken from 10 individuals of buffalo in savanna and palm oil plantation. Analysis of the plant composition was carried out by making microscopic whole mount paradermal sections of undigested plant fragments in the feces. Identification refers to epidermal characteristics that are matched with databases and references. The results showed that there were 21 types of epidermal cells which were dominated from Poaceae characterized by Gramineous stomata. The plants fragments found in almost all of the fecal samples were Hymenachne (Poaceae) and Fimbristylis (Cyperaceae). About 9 of the 21 species of plants consumed by buffalo in the buffer village are also foraged by elephants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farrah Zulfa, Dorly, Nunik Sri Ariyanti
Potensi Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan dari Senyawa Bioaktif Bakteri Tanah Asal Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur
Antibiotic resistance is a global challenge, especially in the treatment of bacterial infections. This study aims to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of bioactive compounds isolated from soil bacteria in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. Of the 30 isolates tested, 1 potential isolate was obtained, namely isolate code T1.16. This potential bacterial isolate was further cultured and fermented in Tryptic Soybean and Luria Bertani Broth medium to obtain its crude secondary metabolite. Interestingly, its crude extract showed antibacterial activity with MIC values of 100.4-3,211 µg/ml against Escherichia coli strain ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 9027, Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633, and Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to identify antioxidant activity, IC50 values obtained ranged from 990-1730 µg/ml. Ultimately, by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, bioactive compounds in the form of Cyclo(L-prolyl-L-valine), 2-methylpropyl and phenylmethyl in bacterial extract T1.16 have potential antioxidant and antibacterial bioactivities. These results support the potential development of new antibacterial and antioxidant compounds from soil bacteria, as well as the importance of further exploration for pharmacological applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syelziva Yonda Atwita, Jekmal Malau, Vera Permatasari, Gian Primahana, Indah D. Dewijanti, Apriza Yuswan, Muhammad Eka Prastya
Pola dan Intensitas Pigmentasi Serta Fotosintesis pada Tanaman Hias Daun Caladium pada Tingkat Naungan Berbeda
Caladium, a member of the Araceae family, is known for its diverse leaf colors and patterns, referred to as variegation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between pigmentation patterns, variegated areas, and leaf anatomy, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate under different light conditions. Two light treatments were applied, full sun (0% shade, 37,500 lux) and 70% shade (12,000 lux), using direct morning sunlight. Seven distinct types of Caladium were used in the experiment. Photosynthetic rate was measured using a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system at Photosynthetic Photon Flux Densities (PPFD) of 100, 400, and 800 µmol m-2 s-1. Pigment analysis included quantification of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins, while morphological assessments focused on leaf size, variegated area, and leaf thickness. Plants exposed to higher light intensity developed smaller, thicker leaves with mostly larger proportion of variegated area. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin contents varied depending on plant type and light treatment. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased with higher PPFD and was greater in unshaded conditions. Among the plant types, V3 and V4 exhibited characteristics typical of shade-adapted species, while V6 showed traits of sun-loving plants. Overall, the study demonstrated that variegated Caladium plants maintain comparable net photosynthetic rates despite differences in pigmentation patterns and variegation intensity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ai Ika Ayu Yanuar, Hamim Hamim, Laelasari, Yuliana Maria Diah Ratnadewi
Maskulinisasi Ikan Cupang (Betta splendens) Melalui Perendaman Larva Menggunakan Madu Hutan
Betta fish are freshwater species known for their territorial behavior and pronounced aggressiveness. The beauty of the color, shape and pattern of fish is special attraction so that it has high selling value, especially in males. Reversal sex through masculinization techniques, is able to produce higher study ratio. This study aims to test effectiveness of immersion betta fish (B. splendens) larval stage in honey solution and study its effect on fish survival. This study used complete randomized design (RAL) method with one factor in the form of immersion time. There were five lengths of immersion as treatment, 0 hours (Control), 24 hours (P1), 28 hours (P2), 32 hours (P3) and 36 hours (P4) with 3 tests each. Larvae used are aged 3 days after hatching. The results showed that length of soaking had a significant (P<0.05) on survival rates in all treatments. The percentage of male sex observed in the K treatment was 21.66±4.81%, P1 was 50.85±2.92%, P2 was 50.58±4.59%, P3 was 52.46±3.90% and P4 was 0%. The effective soaking time treatment is for 24 hours. The effect of natural honey on the masculinization of betta fish was effective in P1 treatment of 50.85±2.92% and survival rate of 94.95±1.37%.
Copyright (c) 2025 Heri Setiawan Yunus, Fajar Maulana, Tri Heru Widarto
Food-Plant Preferences of Butterflies in Campus Areas of IPB Bogor
Butterflies are flower visitors and are important for plant pollinators. This research aimed to analyze the food plant preferences of butterflies and analyze the correlation between butterfly proboscis and flower corolla tube lengths. Observations of butterflies were carried out at four locations within Dramaga campus area of Bogor Agricultural University from March to April 2024. The results showed 23 species of butterflies were observed on the flowers of eighteen plant species. Hesperiids and Nymphalids butterflies were found dominantly. The shrub plant, Lantana camara is the most visited by butterflies (8 species), followed by Saraca indica (6 species), and Turnera ulmifolia (5 species). Butterflies prefer to visit tubular shape and purple color of flowers. Based on the correlation analysis, there was no significant correlation between the butterfly proboscis and the flower corolla tube lengths.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Kadri, Fauzia Noorchaliza, Lintang Yodhy, Syahras Fathin Aminuddin, Windra Priawandiputra, Tri Atmowidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Keanekaragaman Struktur Reproduksi pada Tumbuhan Paku Epifit di Kawasan Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor
IPB University is a campus with high biodiversity and a well-maintained ecosystem. Many plants species have been found including epiphytic ferns, which are particularly abundant. However, information for their reproductive structure remains limited. This study aims to characterize the reproductive structure of epiphytic ferns growing in the IPB University campus area, Dramaga, Bogor. The sorus was collected from the epiphytic ferns and preserved using 70% alcohol. Epiphytic fern spores were observed using a compound microscope connected to an optilab camera. Fern spore measurements were carried out using the ImageRaster v2.1 application. The observed epiphytic ferns varied in the arrangement and location of the sorus and the characteristics of the spores. A total of 22 types of ferns have monolete spore forms with laesura lines, one type of spherical shape, and one type of tetrahedral-globose form with triradiate laesura. Spore sizes found were medium, large, and very large. All spores had a P/E ratio value of ≤1.00 with peroblate, oblate, suboblate, round oblate, and round prolate types. The surface of the perispora is very diverse, including alate-angular, globules, shallow verrucae, verrucate, echinulate, tuberculate, rugate, globules, echinate, laevate, cristate, regulate, colliculate, granulose, and costate-alate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nurul Badriah, Tatik Chikmawati, Nina Ratna Djuita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Population Density and Habitat Characteristics of Southern-Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) at Wasur National Park, Merauke
Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) is a seed disperser of North Australia and Southern Papua lowland forest ecosystem. Despite its dominant distribution in Southern Papua, there is a lack of information regarding its population and habitat characteristics. Due to its high sensitivity, the southern cassowary is rarely seen across the forest, yet the signs of its presence (feces and footprints) are abundant. This study analyzed the distributions, population, and habitat characteristics of the southern cassowary’s in Sota and Wanggo Resort, Wasur National Park, Southern Papua. Maximum Entropy results showed that its distribution focused on the northeastern area of Wanggo Resort and several points north of Sota Resort. Using fecal distance sampling, this study found that the southern cassowary population density in Wasur National Park areas was 0.8 ind/km2, primarily in lowland forests. The area corresponds to the variables that most influence the southern cassowary, which are NDVI, annual precipitation, and distance to the road. These findings underscore the urgency of local stakeholders to pay specific attention to lowland forests in Wasur National Park.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fahrun Sahara Mawardha, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah, Yeni Aryati Mulyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tumbuhan Obat Suku Batak Simalungun dari Cagar Alam Dolok Tinggi Raja
Batak Simalungun tribe that inhabited the area around the nature reserve Dolok Tinggi Raja uses many plants species for medicine. This study aimed to examine the use of medicinal plants by the people of Batak Simalungun tribe and determine local knowledge of the tribe in maintaining the sustainability of the medicinal plants in nature. Data obtained from the open and semi-structural interviews, plant exploration, and identification. Batak Simalungun tribe uses 63 species of medicinal plants belonged to 52 genera and 36 families. The herb is used to treat many health problem, such as: hingh and muscles problem, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, internal disease, skin diseases, nerves, malaria, measles, fever, colds, sore eyes. The herb is also used for increasing stamina and endurance. Medicinal plants used in various ways include direct consumption, mashing, squeezing, extracted, soaked in warm water, steamed, boiled, baked, and fried. The community used various plant parts such as the root, stems, water in stem , bark extract, sap, young leaves, leaves, fruit, or whole parts of the plant, and the most part used is leaves.
Copyright (c) 2016 IRMAYANI HASIBUAN, TATIK CHIKMAWATI , EKO BAROTO WALUYO
Studi Pengamatan Perilaku Diurnal Anjing Domestik Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 di lingkungan Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB
Anjing domestik (Canis lupus familiaris) dari famili Canidae merupakan salah satu spesies anjing yang telah melalui proses domestikasi. Masing-masing pemilik anjing akan memperlakukan hewan peliharaannya secara berbeda yang mengakibatkan perbedaan perilaku. Di antara lokasi-lokasi di kampus IPB Dramaga, lingkungan penangkaran Pusat Studi Satwa Primata menjadi salah satu tempat di mana anjing peliharaan banyak dijumpai. Metode focal animal sampling untuk mengamati perilaku anjing dengan interval waktu 10 menit dan data perilaku harian dibagi dalam 7 kategori yaitu ekskresi, lokomosi, perawatan diri, sosial, vokalisasi, inaktif dan negatif. Pada periode pengamatan dari pukul 09.00 hingga 13.00, tiga individu anjing menunjukkan perilaku istirahat dalam rentang 51-69% dan memilih lokasi yang dekat dengan pemilik untuk beraktivitas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amat Ribut, Azimah Wardahtul Ishlah, Moh. Reza Sese, Kanthi Arum Widayati
Potensi Waste Organic Product (WOP) FST 1310 terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Penyebab Kandidiasis
Candida albicans is an agent that causes candidiasis which can cause health problems in human’s organs. This study aims to determine the antifungal activity and inhibition zone diameter of Waste Organic Product (WOP) FST 1310 against Candida albicans. This type of research is experimental, using the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method with 6 treatments: P1: 100%, P2: 80%, P3: 60%, and P4: 40%, along with 2 controls, P5: nystatin (positive control) and P6: distilled water (negative control). The results showed that the WOP FST 1310 from orange peel had a larger inhibition zone diameter compared to the vegetable-derived. For the vegetable-derived eco-enzyme, the highest inhibition zone diameter was at a 100% concentration with an average of 3.7 mm. Meanwhile, for the orange peel eco-enzyme, the highest inhibition zone diameter was at a 40% concentration with an average of 5.3 mm.
Copyright (c) 2025 Firdaus Ramadhan, Muhammad Radian Ghoza, Dinda Rama Haribowo, Dania Refia Riska Sholeha, Kartika, Anggita Rana Sasmita Lestari, Aswir Fikriwansyah, Lily Surayya Eka Putri, Lidia Anggita Ramadhani, Irawan Sugoro
Produksi Asam Asetat dari Pulp Kopi Robusta Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Acetobacter aceti
The type of coffee commonly grown by Indonesian farmers is robusta coffee (Coffea robusta). The processing of robusta coffee has so far focused on producing coffee beans with good flavor, leaving behind coffee pulp waste that needs to be utilized. This study aims to utilize coffee pulp waste to produce vinegar through a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti. Vinegar production begins by rejuvenating A. aceti in YPG media and creating a growth curve. The fermentation of coffee pulp into vinegar involves two fermentation stages: alcoholic fermentation and acetic acid fermentation. Observation of the culture at the end of fermentation includes pH value, total acetic acid content, sugar content, and substrate utilization efficiency in product formation. The growth curve of A. aceti reaches the log phase at the 6th to 8th hour with a µmax of 0.45 hours-1. Vinegar from coffee pulp has the highest total acetic acid in 10 days of alcoholic fermentation and 7 days of acetic acid fermentation, which is 2.37%, with a pH value of 3.02, a Yp/s value of 0.995, and a ∆S/S value of 0.69. The amount of acetic acid obtained does not fulfill the requirements of SNI 01-4371-1996.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Mutia Zahrani, Titi Candra Sunarti, Anja Meryandini
Seleksi dan Pengujian Bakteri Biokontrol terhadap Cendawan Patogen Fusarium sp. yang Diisolasi dari Buah Tomat (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
Fusarium oxysporum is one of the primary pathogens in tomato plants that causes plant wilting. Pathogenic fungi have been controlled by spraying synthetic fungicides. The negative impact of excessive use of synthetic chemicals can be reduced by using biocontrol agents that produce antifungal compounds. Natural pest control efforts use endophytic bacteria and rhizosphere as biocontrol agents for fungal pathogens on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L). This study aims to select and test biocontrol bacteria against pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. isolated from tomato fruits. Fusarium successfully isolated from tomato fruits which was characterized based on observations of colony and cell morphology. A total of 15 rhizosphere bacterial isolates were tested against Fusarium sp., and 11 bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the fungus. Isolates TTSG 2.2, TTSG 2.7, TTSG 3.2, TTSG 3.5, TTSG 3.6, and TCS 3.1 had fungal inhibition of 45%. The results of the hemolysin test showed that one isolate, TTSG 3.6 isolate, was negative, which did not form a clear zone around the bacterial streak. Isolate TTSG 3.6 still showed a few brown spots and rotted tomato fruit, so this bacteria needs to be tested for hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves to show its pathogenicity in plants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Qurrotu Ayni, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik, Lisdar I Sudirman
Inventarisasi Tanaman Obat di Sumber Sehat Multifarm, Ciampea, Bogor
The use of medicinal plants to treat disease is still used in many areas. This research aimed to provide information about medicinal plants in Sumber Sehat Multifarm. Data such as local name, scientific name, habitus, part of the plants that are used, benefits, how to use, and also plant processing were collected through a semi-structured interview method. Data analysis was done through a quantitative method which calculated calculating the percentage of parts of the plants that were used and the habitus of the plants that were found. Qualitative analysis of data was done descriptively. The result showed that Sumber Sehat Multifarm uses 177 species belonging to 64 families as medicinal plants. Most plant species have herbaceous habitus. Part of the plants that are used mostly are the leaves. Most plant species of plant can treat more than one kind of disease. The benefits of the plant can be grouped into two categories: plants used to cure internal organ disease and plants used to treat external organ disease. Most plant species can be consumed by brewing or freshly eaten.
Copyright (c) 2025 Istiqoma Asardi, Tatik Chikmawati, Nina Ratna Djuita
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Rhizobium asal Bintil Akar Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) dan Koro Rawe (Mucuna bracteata)
Nitrogen (N) is naturally available in the form of N2. Nitrogen fixation can be facilitated by microbes such as Rhizobium bacteria, which can establish symbiosis with the roots of legume plants to form root nodules that perform nitrogen fixation. This study aims to determine the characteristics of Rhizobium bacteria in the root nodules of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and koro rawe (Mucuna bracteata). The methods used in this research include collecting root nodules, isolating Rhizobium bacteria, and identifying and characterizing these bacteria for their nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization capabilities. Characterization results on YEMA + Congo red media indicated that 10 out of 16 isolates from peanut root nodules and 30 out of 55 isolates from koro rawe root nodules were positive for Rhizobium bacteria. The nitrogen fixation activity test revealed that only 4 isolates from peanut root nodules and 6 from koro rawe root nodules exhibited nitrogen fixation ability in Jensen's medium. The highest phosphate solubilization index was obtained from isolate KK.5.1.1 (0.5±0.08), while the lowest was from isolate KK.5.2.2 (0.09±0.06). This research underscores the significance of Rhizobium in enhancing nitrogen availability and phosphate solubilization for legume plants.
Copyright (c) 2024 Erma Suryanti, Alnovara Yuan Nabilla, Dian anggria sari
Pengaruh Deterjen Cair terhadap Mortalitas dan Perilaku Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
The disposal of detergent waste into water bodies leads to environmental problems. The use of detergents is increasing, and the variety of detergents available is also becoming more diverse. This study examines the mortality and behavior of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in response to liquid detergent contaminants. The research was conducted from March to April 2023 at the Fish Behaviour Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University. We used 154 individuals of Nile tilapia measuring 5-7 cm. A total of 90 individuals were used for the preliminary test and most of them died at the highest concentration of 100 ml/L within five minutes. Sixty individuals were used for determining LD50–96 and we found that the LD50–96 was 1.29 ml/L. The behavior of four individuals of tilapia was observed using focal animal sampling in four sublethal concentrations. The results show that the detergent contaminant inhibits oxygen diffusion and damages the physiological functions of the tilapia. The detergent concentration level also affects the operculum opening and closing behavior, movement, feeding response, and mortality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rizki Amaliah, Lola Nur Hanifa, Muhammad Farhan Putra Emil, Dheana Puspa Dewi, Tri Heru Widarto
Antifungal Activity of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Dayak Onion (Eleutherine bulbosa) Against Candida albicans
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to a decrease in the immune system caused by Candida spp. In general, candidiasis is treated with antifungal drugs, but uncontrolled use can result in the emergence of drug resistance and toxicity. Endophytic bacteria have the potential to be biological control agents against various fungal infections including candidiasis. This study aims to determine the antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from Dayak onions and the antifungal activity of its cell-free supernatant (CFS) against Candida albicans. Thirteen isolate strains of endophytic bacteria were used in this study. Antagonistic activity was tested using the agar plug diffusion method. Endophytic bacteria that showed antagonistic activity against C. albicans were cultivated in Nutrient Broth media to produce CFS. The antifungal activity of CFS was tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The results indicated that six isolates of endophytic bacteria from dayak onions have antagonistic activity against C. albicans. CFS from strain CED4 has a strong antifungal activity against C. albicans with a clear zone diameter of 18.5 mm. Further studies are needed to determine the antifungal compounds produced by CED4 isolates for the development of anticandidal.
Copyright (c) 2024 Widya Krestina, Dian Mutiasari, Desimaria Panjaitan, Vinsen Willi Wardhana, Zulviana, Maynissa Rahmawati, Frans Grovy Naibaho
Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Hemolisin dari Penderita Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a gum inflammation caused by pathogenic bacterial infection. One of the virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria is hemolysin which plays an important role in lysing the red blood cells. This study aimed to isolate, characterise, and identify hemolysin-producing bacteria from a gingivitis-diagnosed patient. Quantification of the bacterial growth in blood agar base media showed that the number of bacteria on the gums of gingivitis patient was 1.63 × 107 CFU/ml. Seven bacterial isolates with different colony and cellular morphology were selected. Of 7 isolates, 3 isolates were β hemolytic, 3 isolates α hemolytic, and 1 isolate non-hemolytic. Six isolates with hemolytic activity were selected for colony and cellular morphology characterisation. Based on Gram-staining procedure, all six isolates belong to bacilli Gram-positive bacteria. Molecular identification with 16S rRNA gene revealed that these isolates were closely related to Bacillus spp., such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus altitudinis, and Bacillus tequilensis.
Copyright (c) 2024 Michellia Salmaa Ashilla Sutandi, Sri Budiarti, Jepri Agung Priyanto
Perbandingan Ukuran dan Komposisi Tubuh antara Mahasiswa Laki-Laki Atlet dan Non Atlet Universitas Padjadjaran
Body composition is the relative proportion of fat and fat-free tissue in the body and indicates health profile. Athletes usually have a different body composition compared to the general population due to their involvement in intense sports activities. This research investigated the body size and composition among male student-athletes and non-athletes at Universitas Padjadjaran. The study used a cross-sectional method and anthropometric measurements on 14 athletes and 34 non-athletes. Anthropometric data consisted of height, weight, body fat, visceral fat, skeletal muscle, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Student-athletes have a lower average weight, body fat, and BMI than non-athletes. They tend to have body fat and visceral fat in the normal category (50% and 100%), whereas non-athletes (5.9% and 79.4%). Additionally, student-athletes have more skeletal muscle (63.4%) than non-athletes (47.1%). Furthermore, nutritional status based on BMI values indicates that student-athletes tend to fall within the normal category at 78.8%, while non-athletes are only at 44%. These results demonstrate that the body size and composition of student-athletes reflect better physical fitness, resulting in a better nutritional status than non-athletes at Universitas Padjadjaran.
Copyright (c) 2024 Andhika Mukti, Shelvie Raffiza Nasihin, Hanifa Hanan, Eneng Nunuz Rohmatullayaly
Karakterisasi dan Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Hasil Isolasi dari Sargassum sp.
The bioactive potential in Sargassum sp. and its direct use is expected to reduce its population in nature if used continuously. Using endophytic fungi from the host is a solution for obtaining bioactive compounds from Sargassum sp. The purpose of this study was to characterize endophytic fungi in Sargassum sp. and its potential as an antibacterial agent. Endophytic fungi were isolated using the direct planting technique, endophytic fungi were characterized through microscopic and macroscopic observations. Extraction was performed with two organic solvents, namely ethanol and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial potency was tested using the agar diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. Based on the results, two mold isolates, D3P1 and D4P1, were obtained. The ethyl acetate extract of D3P1 had the highest inhibition zone for Bacillus subtilis bacteria, with the highest inhibition zone being 23.2 mm for Bacillus subtilis and the smallest being 17 mm for Escherichia coli. The ethyl acetate extract of D3P1 had the highest inhibition zone compared to the ethyl acetate extract of D4P1 and the ethanol extract of D3P1 and D4P1. The GC-MS analysis identified four compounds that have been identified in the ethyl acetate extract of D3P1 isolates, among others, 2,3-Butanediol, Phthalic acid, 1,2-Benzenedicarbocylic acid, and 1-Anthracenamine. Phthalic acid and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid compounds have the potential as antibacterial.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ridhwan, Nani Radiastuti, Saiful Bahri, Alfianur Azmi Muhammad, Windy Dwikencana, Dinda Rama Haribowo, Nur Amaliah Solihat, Firdaus Ramadhan
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan dari Metabolit Ekstraseluler Bakteri Endofit Tumbuhan Mahang (Macaranga bancana)
The increasing pollution which promotes accumulation of free radicals and a significant number of bacterial resistances to antibiotics have prompted various efforts to search for new sources of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of bioactive compounds produced by endophyte bacteria from M. bancana. The most potential bacterial isolate was extracted its active constituents until obatined crude extract and tested using disc diffusion technique and detemined MIC and MBC values. Antioxidant properties using DPPH radicals were performed followed by GC-MS analysis of its crude extract. We obtained that MB3.1 isolate exhibited antibacterial activity against all four tested bacteria including Escherichia coli strain ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 9027, Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25923, and Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633. The best MIC values of this extract were shown against B. subtilis with an MIC value of 39.06 μg/ml. Further, MB3.1 extract showed a moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 248.19 μg/ml. GC-MS analysis of MB3.1 extract revealed 10 dominant compounds, including phenylethyl alcohol, benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy, and tryptophol, which might be responsible for the antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
Copyright (c) 2024 Helen Chang, Sri Pujiyanto, Muhammad Eka Prastya, Gian Primahana, Apriza Yuswan, Dwi Retnowati, Vera Permatasari
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Akar Anggrek Epifit Vanda sp. dan Anggrek Terestrial Spathoglottis plicata
Endophytic fungi play an important role in the orchid lifecycle by aiding seed germination and plant development. Information on the diversity of endophytic fungi in Indonesian orchids, particularly Vanda epiphytic orchid and Spathoglottis terrestrial orchid, is still limited. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from the roots of Vanda sp. and Spathoglottis plicata orchids collected from Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, and Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. Isolation was performed using Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) medium, and morphological identification was carried out through macroscopic and microscopic observations. A total of four endophytic fungal isolates were identified, including Nigrospora sp. and Penicillium sp. from Vanda sp. roots, and two isolates of Fusarium sp. from Spathoglottis plicata roots. The four fungal isolates obtained had aerial mycelium and septate hyphae, as well as conidia with diverse shapes. The diversity of endophytic fungi in orchid species could be influenced by the fungal affinity on the specific microhabitat conditions of each tissue and host plant species.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nadiya Dwi Rahayu, Nampiah Sukarno, Sri Listiyowati, Mohamad Rafi, Edhi Sandra, Sofi Mursidawati, Risna