Inclusive Tourism under Fragmented Governance: Structuration, Participation, and Rural Inequality in Bira Village, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22500/14202663719Keywords:
inclusive, inclusive tourism village, integrative, sustainable tourism, tourism villageAbstract
Tourism development ideally requires the integrated participation of all social groups and institutional actors. Yet, in Bira Village, Bonto Bahari Subdistrict, Bulukumba Regency, tourism practices remain fragmented across structural levels. This study examines patterns of community involvement in sustainable tourism management, analyzes empowerment mechanisms that influence the emergence of inclusive tourism, and evaluates how structural and community-based approaches interact within the inclusive tourism village framework. Using a qualitative case study design, the findings identify three patterns of community participation—autonomous, structurally initiated, and subordinated—each shaped by unequal access to the rules and resources that structure tourism governance. Applying Giddens’s structuration theory as an analytical lens, the study demonstrates how local actors negotiate institutional constraints while simultaneously reproducing them through everyday practices. The results reveal that inclusive tourism requires not only broadening participation but also addressing the redistribution of access, authority, and economic benefits within the governance system. The study concludes that inclusive tourism in Bira Village becomes attainable when fragmented institutional arrangements are coordinated through integrated governance and participatory empowerment.
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