Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan (Nutrition and Feed Technology Journal) has been published from 1987, under the name Bulletin Makanan Ternak (Bulmater) which can be accessed through http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/bulmater/index. Since 2018, this journal changed its name in purpose to adapt with latest conditions and the publication frequency is three times a year (April, August and December). Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan is published by Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology in collaboration with the Indonesian Association Nutrition and Feed Scientist (<a href="http://www.ainionline.org
Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor
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Kajian Keamanan Penggunaan Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis) sebagai Kandidat Imbuhan Pakan dalam Rumen In Vitro
This study evaluated the safety of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis) as a potential rumen feed additive through microbiological observations and in vitro fermentation characteristics. Microbiological testing used binahong leaf infusion extract with levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, then measured total bacterial and protozoal populations. In vitro experiment used a Randomized Block Design with seven ration treatments and three groups of rumen fluid collection times, with control ration (60% Forage: 40% Concentrate), and suplementation binahong leaf 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%. In vitro parameters include fermentability (total N–NH₃ and VFA, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility (dry matter and organic matter). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by orthogonal polynomial tests. The results showed that binahong leaf infusion extract up to 20% caused a linear reduction in total bacterial and protozoal populations but remained within normal ranges. The use of binahong leaf powder (TSB) in the ration of more than 7.5% resulted in a decrease in all in vitro variables to abnormal levels. In conclusion, binahong leaves are safe for rumen microbial activity when applied as an infusion extract up to 20%, whereas their use as leaf powder in dairy cattle rations should be limited to 7.5% to maintain normal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and in vitro digestibility.
binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis), imbuhan pakan, in vitro, mikroba rumen
Copyright (c) 2026 D Evvyernie, R Zahera, H Husna, T Toharmat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analisis Kecernaan Nutrien dan Hubungan Antar Parameter Ayam Broiler terhadap Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Bambu Apus di Bawah Cekaman Panas
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bamboo leaf extract supplementation on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, and inter-parameter correlation in broiler chickens induced by heat stress. The research material used 200 unsexed broiler chickens with an average weight of 42 g. The research method used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates, namely: P0 = commercial feed, P1 = basal feed, P2 = basal feed with 1.5 g kg-1 bamboo leaf extract, and P3 = basal feed with 3 g kg-1 bamboo leaf extract. The research variables included the consumption and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fat (CF) of broiler chickens. The results showed that the addition of bamboo leaf extract had no significant effect on the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and CR. However, the treatment with the highest extract level (P3 = 3 g kg-1) showed a better trend in DM (82.05%) and OM (46.48%) digestibility compared to other treatments. These results indicate that bamboo leaf extract has potential as a natural feed additive to support broiler chicken digestion, although the increase observed was not statistically significant. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for the development of natural ingredients in feed as an alternative to conventional additives.
bamboo leaf extract, broiler chicken, nutrient digestibility, crude fat and heat stress.
Copyright (c) 2026 L S Wusahaningtyas, T R Prihambodo, B Hartoyo, C A Pramudya, R Priambodo, D Nurul, W Nasrullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Pakan Pelet Complete Feed Berbasis Indigofera terhadap Hematologi Domba Garut Lepas Sapih
This study examined the effect of pellet diets containing varying levels of Indigofera on the hematological profile of post-weaning male Garut sheep. The study involved fifteen sheep (3-5 months old; body weight approximately 16.54±2.23 kg). The animals were divided into three dietary treatment groups differing in Indigofera and crude fiber content. The parameters observed in this study included the blood profile (erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) of the sheep before and after feeding the Indigofera-based complete feed pellets. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA in the form of a completely randomized design (RAK) with 3 treatments (P1 = 20% Indigofera with SK of 19%, P2 = 20% Indigofera with SK of 18%, P3 = 10% Indigofera with SK of 17% and 5 replication groups. Statistical analysis of the T-test was used to compare the data of blood profile values ​​before and after feeding. The results showed that the difference in Indigofera levels of 10-20% and crude fiber from 17-19% did not produce significant differences in hematological values ​​(erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) produced between treatments. Feeding Indigofera-based complete feed pellets provided physiological results that were still quite good. It can be concluded that sheep hematology, namely the values ​​of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit produced, were in the normal range.
domba garut, Indigofera, eritrosit, leukosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit
Hematology Indigofera-based diets Pellet feed Garut sheep Ruminant nutrition Post-weaning lambs
Copyright (c) 2026 F Sidiq, L Abdullah, D Diapari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Varietas dan Sistem Tanam pada Karakteristik Daun Rumput Gajah dalam Tumpang Sari dengan Gliricidia Sepium
This study investigated an intercropping system using two improved Napier grass varieties, consisting of cultivar Pakchong (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Thailand) and cultivar Red Napier (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Red) grown in combination with Gliricidia sepium. The research aimed to determine the effects of grass variety and planting system on leaf quality and chlorophyll content. An experimental design based on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial was employed, consisting of 2 treatment varieties and 2 treatment planting systems in four replications, for a total of 16 experimental plots, each consisting of 3 m x 3 m and 1.5 m spacing, covering 279 m². The treatments combined two varieties (V1 = Red Napier; V2 = Pakchong) with two planting systems (S1 = monoculture; S2 = intercropping). Variables measured included leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that variety had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on leaf width and a significant effect (p<0.05) on leaf area. Mean comparison indicated that the V2S1 (Pakchong–monoculture) treatment produced the greatest leaf width, 3.07 ± 0.03 cm, and the largest leaf area 2837.82±118 cm², outperforming all other treatments. Chlorophyll content did not significantly change in all treatments. It is concluded that the Pakchong in a monoculture system improves leaf width and leaf area but does not improve leaf chlorophyll content.
Rumput gajah, klorofil, sistem tanam, Gliricidia sepium, kualitas daun
Copyright (c) 2026 Prasetyo, N D Arkan, I Sugiharto, N Hidayat, Harwanto, A R Ulfah, T R Prihambodo, W Cahyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Performa dan Profil Hematologi Itik Hibrida yang Disuplementasi Larutan Tanaman Pegagan (Centella asiatica (Linn) urban) dan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) Melalui Air Minum
The study aims to evaluate the effect of giving Cherry leaves and Centella asiatica herbs to drinking water on the production performance and hematology profile of hybrid ducks starter. This study used 96 hybrid ducks aged 1 to 14 days, which were fed commercial feed (protein 21-23%) with 3 treatment groups and 4 replications. A completely randomized design was used in this research. The treatments were: P0 (control), P1 (2 ml of Cherry leaves + 3 ml of Centella asiatica solution), and P2 (4 ml of Cherry leaves + 6 ml of Centella asiatica solution). A completely randomized design was used in this experiment, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of the study showed that supplementation of Centella asiatica and Cherry leaves solutions at doses of 5 ml and 10 ml in drinking water in 2-week-old hybrid ducks significantly (p<0.05) reduced body weight gain but did not affect feed consumption and FCR. All treatments showed no difference in hematology profiles and leukocyte differentiation compared to controls. Supplementation of Centella asiatica and cherry leaf solutions in the drinking water did not cause any negative effects on production performance and hematology profile of the hybrid ducks.
Copyright (c) 2026 S M Ningsih, D M Suci, W Hermana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efek Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam Ransum terhadap Kadar Kolesterol, Kadar Omega-3 dan Omega-6 dan Malondialdehyde (MDA) Daging Ayam Broiler
The study aimed to evaluate the use of fish oil (FO) and palm oil (PO) in broiler chicken rations on the cholesterol content, omega-3 and omega-6 content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) of broiler chicken breast meat. Two hundred broiler DOCs were used in this study. The DOC was randomized and placed into 20 cage units (4 treatments and 5 replications), then kept for 5 weeks. A completely randomized design was used in the study, with treatments being P0: 3% PO oil, P1: 2% PO and 1% FO, P2: 1% PO and 2% FO, and P3: 3% FO. The variables observed were cholesterol levels, omega-3 and omega-6 content, as well as malondialdehyde in broiler chicken breast meat, and the data were analysed for variance. The results showed that the use of different ratios of FO and PO in rations did not show any significant difference in cholesterol levels, increased omega-3 levels (p<0.05), but showed no effect on omega-6 levels. The treatments did not differ in MDA levels. It concludes that the use of 3% lemuru fish oil produces the highest omega-3 in broiler chicken breast meat compared to other treatments. Key words: cholesterol, lemuru fish oil, malondialdehyde, omega-3, palm oil
Copyright (c) 2025 D M Suci, M D A Putra , R Mutia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluasi Level Pemupukan Urea pada Penanaman Hijauan Daun Sambung Nyawa di Tanah Latosol
Gynura procumbens has the potential to serve as forage for ruminant livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the growth parameters and biomass of G. procumbens cultivated on latosol soil under varying levels of urea fertilization. The experimental design employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) based on land slope gradients (3%, 4%, 5%, and 7%) with four levels of urea application. The treatments included: P0 as control (compost (8 ton ha-1) + NPK 15-15-15 (200 kg ha-1), P1 = P0 plus 100 kg ha-1 urea (4.6 g plant-1), P2 = P0 plus 200 kg ha-1 urea (9.2 g plant-1), and P3 = P0 plus 300 kg/ha urea (13.9 g plant-1). Observed parameters included plant height, number of stems and leaves, fresh and dry biomass, and nutrient content. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test for significant differences. Results indicated that increasing urea levels reduced the number of branches and leaves, as well as the fresh and dry weight of leaves and stems. Urea application did not significantly affect plant height, shoot and leaf area, shoot fresh weight, or leaf nutrient content. The study concluded that G. procumbens does not require additional urea fertilizer when grown on latosol soil.
Growth, Gynura procumbens, nutrient content, production, urea
Produktivitas hijauan sambung nyawa dengan pemupukan urea
Copyright (c) 2026 A T Permana, R Amalia, N R Kumalasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fulvic Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Feed Additive Improves Digestive Tract and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers
The use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) in the poultry industry led to farmers’ dependence on antibiotics. Therefore, a safer alternative feed additive, such as fulvic acid, was needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fulvic acid extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (FA-OPEFB) as a feed additive on broiler chickens’ digestive tract and intestinal morphology. A total of 150 broiler chickens were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and five replications: P0 (drinking water without FA-OPEFB), P1 (drinking water with 0.1% FA-OPEFB), and P2 (drinking water with 0.2% FA-OPEFB). Observed variables included the relative weight and length of the digestive tract and intestinal morphology. The results showed that the addition of FA-OPEFB in drinking water significantly affected the ileum percentage, villus height, crypt depth, and villus surface area. It was concluded that 0.2% FA-OPEFB in drinking water reduced the relative weight and length of the ileum and improved intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. Key words: broiler chicken, digestive tract, fulvic acid, intestinal morphology, OPEFB
Copyright (c) 2025 F Dimawarnita, D M Suci, M R Wicaksari, Y Faramitha, F A Erwinsyah, D N Kalbuadi, D H Goenadi, K G Wiryawan, A Darmawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efektivitas Pupuk Organik Granul Diperkaya Mikoriza dan Lamtoro terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Sorghum bicolor Varietas Samurai 1
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of granular organic fertilizer enriched with mycorrhiza and Lamtoro on the growth and production of Samurai 1 sorghum. The experiment employed a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments: without fertilizer application (B0), bokashi (B1), bokashi + mycorrhiza (B2), bokashi + mycorrhiza + Lamtoro (B3), at a dose of 4 tons ha⁻¹ with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that organic fertilizer treatments had a significant effect (p<0.05) on growth and yield, but no significant effect on sugar content. Further tests indicated that B3 differed significantly from B0, B1, and B2 in terms of growth and yield parameters. It can be concluded that the combination of bokashi, mycorrhiza, and Lamtoro (B3) is the most effective treatment in enhancing the growth and yield of Samurai 1 sorghum Keywords: lamtoro, granulated organic fertilizer, mycorrhiza, plant growth and production, sorghum
Copyright (c) 2025 A P Dewi, P D M H Karti, I Prihantoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimalisasi Fermentasi Gulma sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair Ramah Lingkungan untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Nutrien Tanaman Pakan
This study aims to evaluate the effect of fermented weeds as an environmentally friendly liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and proximate composition of superior forage crops, namely biovit elephant grass (RBV), red elephant grass (RGM), and bio-nutrient elephant grass (RBN). Design of the experiment was a completely randomized design in a factorial pattern, with the first factor being three grass varieties and the second factor being four dosages of liquid fertilizer (P0: no fertilization, P1: 30 mL, P2: 40 mL, and P3: 50 mL) with three replications. The tested growth parameters included plant height, chlorophyll content, and proximate analysis consisting of crude protein, crude fiber, and fat content. The results showed that the liquid fertilizer treatment at a dosage of 50 mL had a significant effect on growth and nutrient composition, with red elephant grass (RGM) exhibiting the best (p<0.05) crude protein and fat content. Additionally, higher dosages of liquid fertilizer contributed to a reduction (p<0.05) in crude fiber content. This study concludes that fermented weeds can be used as a liquid organic fertilizer to optimize and enhance the growth and nutritional quality of superior forage crops. Keywords: growth, liquid organic fertilizer, nutrient composition, superior forage crops, weed fermentation
Kata kunci: Fermentasi gulma, pupuk organic cair, pertumbuhan, kandungan proksimat, tanaman unggul.
Copyright (c) 2025 ADT Dewi, R Angriani, EA Hasiib, S Tantalo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Skarifikasi Benih terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Mucuna bracteata
The main problem in the cultivation of Mucuna bracteata is the hardness of the seed coat, which results in low seed dormancy. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of different seed scarification methods on the growth of M. bracteata plants. This research was conducted at Prof. Bale-Therik's farm in Noelbaki Village, Kupang Tengah Subdistrict, Kupang Regency, for 21 days. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments and 5 replicates, with each replicate consisting of 15 seeds. The treatments consisted of control (SB0); seeds soaked in warm water at 50°C for 2 hours (SB1); seeds soaked in normal temperature water for 24 hours (SB2); and seeds scarified (SB3). Data obtained during the study were analyzed using analysis of variance to test the effect of treatment with an alpha value of 0.05. Differences between treatments were tested by Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that seed scarification had a very significant effect (p<0.01) on all parameters measured. SB3 treatment significantly accelerated leaf emergence (6.21 days), number of leaves (27.47 strands), leaf length (15.51 cm), leaf width (9.89 cm), the onset of tendril growth (8.33 days), tendril length (117.16 cm), and tendril growth rate (6.89 cm day-1). It was concluded that the seed scarification technique (SB3) was the best treatment because it could influence and improve the growth of M. bracteata plants. Keywords: dormancy, growth, Mucuna bracteata, scarification
Mucuna bracteata, Dormancy, Scarification, Growth
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinensius Darmin, Marthen L. Mullik, Twen O. Dami Dato https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluasi Kandungan Protein Kasar, Lemak Kasar, Serat Kasar, dan Nilai Fleigh pada Silase Kulit Buah Kakao yang ditambah Molasses dan Tepung Gaplek
Cocoa pod husks still contain several nutrients, making them potentially useful as livestock feed. Nonetheless, cocoa pod husks face limitations such as low crude protein and high crude fiber content. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of molasses and cassava flour in cocoa pod husk silage on nutrient quality. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, with each treatment replicated three times. The treatments consisted of 0% (P0), 10% molasses (P1), 10% cassava flour (P2), and 5% molasses + 5% cassava flour (P3). The observed nutrient qualities were crude protein, crude fiber, and crude fat. The data were analyzed at a 5% level of significance and followed up with the least significant difference test. The results showed that the addition of molasses and cassava flour to cocoa pod husk silage had a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) on crude fiber content and fiber value, but no significant effect on crude protein or crude fat content. The combination of 5% molasses and 5% cassava flour resulted in the lowest crude fiber content with a good Fleigh value. It can be concluded that the combination of 5% molasses and 5% cassava flour produces the best quality cocoa pod husk silage. Key words: cassava flour, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, cocoa pod husk silage, fleigh score, molasses
Lemak kasar, protein kasar, molasses, serat kasar, silase kulit buah kakao, tepung gaplek
Evaluasi Efisiensi Kerja Mesin Chopper dengan Integrasi Bagging Scale dan Conveyor pada Produksi Pakan Hijauan di Peternakan PT.X
Conventional chopper machines in farms such as PT. X often faces limitations in capacity and a lack of ergonomic design for operators. Modernization of the machine, including modifications in design and motor, is expected to improve production capacity and operator comfort. This study aims to assess the effect of chopper machine modification on improving production efficiency and operator ergonomics. Data was collected through direct field practice, observation, documentation, and interviews. The data obtained for evaluating machine capacity were analysed using the Paired T-Test, while comparative variables such as machine design, forage cutting percentage, and rapid entire body assessment (REBA) were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that modifications to the chopper machine at PT. X had a significant impact on increasing operational efficiency and reducing ergonomic risks for operators. Machine working capacity increased by 91.28%, from 1,079.32 kg hour-1 to 2,064.50 kg hour-1, accompanied by a reduction in total chopping cycle time from 66.79 seconds to 34.90 seconds. Although idle time slightly increased due to changes in the number of operators, work efficiency still showed substantial improvement through the integration of semi-automatic systems (bagging scale and conveyor). From an ergonomic perspective, posture analysis using the REBA method indicated a reduction in risk level from medium (score 7) before modification to low (score 3) after modification. In conclusion, modifications to the chopper machine at PT. X significantly increased operational efficiency, with a production capacity increase of up to 91.28% and a reduction in cycle time. Ergonomic evaluation showed a decrease in posture-related risk from medium to low. These findings demonstrate that the modifications not only accelerated the production process but also enhanced operator comfort and safety. Key words: bagging scales, chopper machine, conveyor, ergonomic evaluation, forage production
Copyright (c) 2025 H Ridwan, D A Astuti, Jakaria, K Alexander https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimasi Penggunaan Pupuk Manure Sapi dan Urea Dosis Berbeda Untuk Produksi Bibit Stek Rumput Pakchong (Pennisetum glaucum) di Lampung Selatan
This study aims to measure the effect of different doses of cow manure and urea fertilizer on plant growth and the production quality of Pakchong grass cuttings. A factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) (3 doses of cow manure and 3 doses of urea) was used with 3 replications. The first factor was the dose of cow feces (0-, 5-, and 10-tons ha-1), while the second factor was the dose of urea (100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1). The results showed that there was no interaction between cow manure and urea fertilizer on plant height, stem diameter, total leaves, number of tillers, number of tillers ready for harvest, and production of Pakchong grass cuttings. However, each factor significantly affected (p<0.05) the growth and cutting production of Pakchong grass. The use of cow manure fertilizer at a dose of 10 tons ha-1 and urea fertilizer at a dose of 300 kg ha-1 provided optimum results in increasing plant growth and the production of Pakchong grass cuttings. Key words: cow manure, cuttings production, morphology, pakchong grass, urea fertilizer
morfologi dan produksi bibit stek rumput pakchong
Copyright (c) 2025 Akmal Sentosa, panca dewi manu hara karti, Iwan Prihantoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efek Pemberian Buah Biksu (Siraitia grosvenorii) dalam Pakan terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Daging Ayam Broiler
The research aimed to determine the effect of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) in the ration on the physicochemical quality of broiler chicken meat. A total of two hundred DOC broilers were distributed using a completely randomized design into five treatments and four replications, each replication containing 10 birds. Feeding treatment was carried out starting from 7-day-old chickens, consisting of treatments without monk fruit supplementation (T0), 0.5% monk fruit flour supplementation (T1), 1% monk fruit flour supplementation (T2), 1.5% monk fruit flour supplementation (T3), and 2% monk fruit flour supplementation (T4). The mixed ration consisted of corn, rice bran, palm oil, broiler concentrate, top mix, calcium carbonate, monk fruit meal, and fish meal. Broiler chickens were slaughtered at the age of 36 days, and samples of thigh and breast meat were taken to observe chemical quality (pH and water content), as well as physical quality (water holding capacity, cooking loss, and hardness). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the supplementation of monk fruit had a significant effect (p<0.05) on pH, water content, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and hardness of thigh and breast meat. The conclusion of this study was that supplementation of monk fruit increased the pH and moisture content of the thigh meat, as well as increased the water-holding capacity, hardness, and reduced the cooking loss of both thigh and breast meat. Keywords: breast meat, broiler meat quality, monk fruit, thigh meat
Copyright (c) 2025 A C Dewi, M M D Utami, R T Hertamawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pengaruh Penggunaan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula terhadap Produksi dan Karakteristik Fisiologis Lamtoro Mini (Desmanthus virgatus) pada Tanah Salin
This study aims to evaluate the quality of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculum produced using various nutrient fortification methods for Desmanthus virgatus plants in helping to cope with salinity stress. This study was conducted at the Agrostology Laboratory of IPB University with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial Pattern 5 x 3 with 8 replications. Factor A was types of AMF, namely AMF without administration (JM0), commercial/superior AMF (JMU), AMF fortified with AB Mix 1000 ppm (JM1), AMF fortified with AB Mix 2000 ppm (JM2), and AMF fortified with AB Mix 3000 ppm (JM3). Factor B was levels of soil salinity, namely control soil (JT0), medium saline soil (JT1), and high saline soil (JT2). Each plant was given 20 g of AMF, compost, and NPK fertilizers. Both plants without AMF and with AMF were given different doses of fertilizer, namely 100% dose and 50% dose. The results showed that inoculation of JMU, JM1, JM2 and JM3 had the same AMF colonization consistency in JT0, JT1 and JT2. AMF inoculation of JMU, JM1, JM2, and JM3 effectively increased (p<0.05) the vertical height of Desmanthus virgatus on high saline soil (JT2). The production of dry weight of JM3 shoots on high saline soil (JT2) was the highest (p<0.05) among other treatments. Leaf chlorophyll of JMU, JM1, JM2, and JM3 in control soil (JT0) was significantly higher than JM0, but it was not significantly different in medium saline soil (JT1) and high saline soil (JT2). AMF inoculation with JMU, JM1, JM2, and JM3 effectively reduced leaf proline content in highly saline soil (JT2), while salinity significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf proline levels of Desmanthus virgatus. The conclusion was that AMF could increase the productivity of Desmanthus virgatus legumes on high-salinity soil. Desmanthus virgatus has an acceptable tolerance level on medium and high saline soils. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi JM3 (result of AB Mix 3000 ppm fortification) has a better production ability than JM1, JM2, and JMU on high saline soil. Key words: forage crops, marginal land, legumes
Tanaman hijauan pakan, Lahan Marginal, Leguminosa
Copyright (c) 2025 A Rizki, P D M H Karti , I Prihantoro, M A Yaman, Mudatsir, Ilham
Performa Anak Domba Prolifik Diberi Susu Pengganti Mengandung Pepton Asal Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp.)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of prolific lambs fed milk replacer derived from mackerel peptone with prolific lambs fed mother’s milk. This study used six twin born lambs aged 1 week with an average birth weight of ± 2.05 kg and male. The treatments applied in this study were mother’s milk (P0) and milk replacer containing 100% mackerel peptone (P1). The observed variables included ash content, crude protein content, crude fat content, calcium content, phosphorus content, total nitrogen, total volatile base (TVB) content, milk amino acid profile, milk consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion rate, and mortality. The results showed that milk replacer containing 100% mackerel peptone had high crude protein content and complete amino acid composition. Prolific lambs fed with milk replacers showed no significant difference in body weight gain compared to those suckling from their mothers. Additionally, lambs receiving the milk replacer did not exhibit any signs of digestive disorders, loss of appetite, abnormal behavior, or mortality during the maintenance period. Utilization of mackerel peptone as an alternative protein source can be used up to 100% in milk replacer. It can be concluded that feeding milk replacers formulated with mackerel peptone resulted in a 1.30% increase in lamb body weight, with no significant difference observed in performance compared to lambs suckling form their mothers. Key words: lamb, milk replacer, peptone, prolific, protein
Copyright (c) 2025 B S S Manik, I Wijayanti, L Khotijah, T Nurhayati
Evaluasi Rekayasa Ekstraksi Biji, Minyak, dan Limbah Habbatussauda (Nigella sativa) terhadap Komponen Bioaktif dan Kemampuan Penghambatan Bakteri
The content of active compounds in natural materials is generally low and highly variable, thus requiring efficient and selective extraction methods. This study aims to evaluate a stepwise extraction process applied to the seeds, oil, and by-products of Nigella sativa (black cumin) to obtain thymoquinone (TQ) and other phytochemicals. The study consisted of four main stages: (1) extraction of HS oil using the cold press method, (2) stepwise extraction using 70% ethanol as solvent, (3) analysis of TQ content and phytochemical compounds in the extracts, and (4) evaluation of the antibacterial activity of habbatussauda oil extracts against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Results showed that the cold press method yielded 34.46% oil. Stepwise extraction using 70% ethanol resulted in significant differences (p<0.05) in both yield and TQ content among the seed, oil, and by-product extracts. Among all samples, the ethanol extract from habbatussauda oil exhibited the highest yield and TQ concentration. Furthermore, at a concentration of 100 μg mL⁻¹, this extract inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, without affecting non-pathogenic strains like Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. In conclusion, stepwise extraction using 70% ethanol proved effective in enhancing TQ recovery and demonstrated potential as a phytobiotic agent with selective antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Key words: black seed, phytobiotic, phytochemicals, stepwise extraction, thymoquinone
Copyright (c) 2025 N N Barkah, I K G Wiryawan, Y Retnani, I W T Wibawan, E Wina
Performance and Health Profile of IPB-D1 Chickens Supplemented With Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Leaf Extract via Drinking Water
This study evaluated the effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves extract (CLE) in drinking water on the performance and health profile of IPB-D1 chickens. Cassava leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins which have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. These compounds can provide positive effects such as feed efficiency, improving growth performance and health status of chickens by improving the immune system and reducing oxidative stress. Cassava leaves extract acts as a phytogenic additive that can be given in livestock drinking water. This study used 180 IPB-D1 chickens aged 2–8 weeks were randomly assigned to three treatments: CLE0 (control), CLE1 (17 ml/l CLE), and CLE2 (50 ml/l CLE). Parameters observed included growth performance, organ morphometry, hematological profiles, and ileal histology. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.05). cassava leaves extract supplementation did not adversely affect growth or feed intake. Final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly different among the groups. A reduction in leukocyte counts was observed, particularly in the CLE2 group, with a relative increase in heterophils, though values remained within physiological limits. Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in villus surface area in the CLE2 group, followed by CLE1, compared to the control (CLE0), suggesting enhanced intestinal morphology and nutrient absorption potential. Cassava leaves extract can be given in the drinking water of IPB-D1 chickens without disrupting their performance and health profile. These findings indicate that cassava leaves extract can improve gut structure without compromising performance, supporting its application as a safe and beneficial phytogenic additive in poultry diets.
IPB-D1 Chickens Supplemented With Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Leaves Extract
Copyright (c) 2025 S A H Ramadhani, M Ridla, R Mutia, Nahrowi, W Hermana
Gambaran Profil Darah Ayam Lokal dengan Suplementasi Probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus subtilis pada Pakan
Local Rooster is potentially to be developed, because it has adaptive characteristics and is easy to raise. Giving probiotics to local rooster is considered important to increase endurance and decrease mortality in livestock. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of single-strain or multistrain probiotic supplementation, namely Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications, namely P0: Feed + 0% Probiotic; P1: Feed + 1% Single Probiotic Bacillus subtilis; P2: Feed + 1% Single Probiotic Lactobacillus sp.; P3: Feed + 1% Multi Probiotic Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus sp. The blood profiles observed were hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, erythrocyte indices consisting of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets. Data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study results showed a significant effect between treatments (p<0.05) in the MHC content in the blood of local roosters. However, all treatments had no effect on other blood parameters. It can be concluded that supplementation of a single probiotic of B. Subtilis and Lactobacillus sp. could reduce the MCH value of the Local Rooster then improve the body's immune system. However, it did not affect the number of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and thrombocytes. Key words: Bacillus subtilis, blood profile, Lactobacillus sp., local roosters, probiotic
Copyright (c) 2025 A P Yulinarsari, N Ningsih, N Muhamad, G Syaikullah, A C Dewi
Evaluation of Commercial Syrup as a Stimulant Additive to Improve Elephant Grass Silage Quality
Elephant grass is a common forage for livestock fodder, yet it is prone to damage and requires preservation through silage-making techniques. This study was investigating the potential usage of expired commercial syrup (ECS) as a source of glucose in elephant grass silage production. The research used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. Treatments included a control group that consist of elephant grass (P1/control), and four supplemented grasses with ECS at levels of 2.50% (P2), 5% (P3), 7.50% (P4), and 10% (P5) based on dry matter (DM). After ensiling for 30 days at room temperature, various parameters were measured, i.e. aroma, texture, color, fungal growth, pH, dry matter, dry matter loss (DML), and fleigh value. Data were analysis using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's test. The results revealed that ECS incorporation up to 10% DM had a significant influence on the evaluated parameters (p<0,05). The results showed P5 received the highest ratings from panellists for aroma (3.75; distinctive fermented acidity), texture (3.61; fine and non-clumping), and color (3.54; green). Additionally, P5 exhibited minimal fungal growth (1.57%), an optimal pH range (3.24-4.56), the highest dry matter content (31.4%), the lowest dry matter loss (2.27%), and the highest fleigh value (138). The research concluded that expired commercial syrup could use as a stimulant additive in elephant grass ensiling, effectively. Key words: elephant grass, expired commercial syrup, fungal growth, physical quality, silage
Physical quality, fungal growth, elephant grass, silage, expired commercial syrup
Commercial syrup as a stimulant additive
Copyright (c) 2025 Sadarman, D Febrina, J Handoko, M A Maharaja, N Qomariyah, Gholib, M J Adegbeye, R P Harahap, M N Aprilliza AM, R A Nurfitriani
Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Produksi Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) sebagai Hijauan Berkualitas Tinggi
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has the potential as a high-nutritional forage for livestock and can withstand drought conditions. This research aimed to analyze the effectivity and efficiency of each stage in the sorghum production process. The research was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at the Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU). An exploratory and observational approach was established following with the snowball-sampling method and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with a Variable Return to Scale (VRS) model as an analysis tool. The research indicated that March had the highest effectivity value in achieving the sorghum production target, with an efficiency score of one (optimum) at each stage of sorghum production. However, improvements were necessary in land preparation, planting, maintenance, and harvesting sorghum forage in other months. Environmental factors were influencing sorghum production that contributed to the highest increase in March. The sorghum production process in March could establish as a standard for maximizing productivity in the next cycle or ratoon. The research concluded that sorghum reached the best results in March, with the highest production effectivity and an optimum efficiency value at every stage of production in the private company. Key words: DEA analysis, effectivity, efficiency, production, sorghum
Copyright (c) 2025 E S M Putra, N R Kumalasari, L Abdullah
Pengaruh Substitusi Pakan Komersial dengan Pakan Hasil Samping Agroindustri pada Babi Fase Grower
This research was conducted to determine the impact of substituting commercial feed with agroindustrial by-product feed on the growth performance of pigs in the grower phase and the benefits obtained by farmers. A total of 20 pigs aged 18 weeks were tested in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. The feed treatments were P0= commercial feed (CP 552), P1= 50% CP552 and 50% agroindustry feed, P2= 100% agroindustry feed, and P3= P2 feed with the addition of phytase and mannase enzymes. The results showed that feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion were not significantly different among the treatments. The digestibility of the P0 was significantly higher than that of P1, P2, and P3 (p<0.05). The digestibility of the P3 was not significantly different from that of the P1; however, it was significantly higher than P2 (p<0.05). The IOFC of P2 was higher than P0 and P1, while P3 resulted in the highest IOFC among treatments. It can be concluded that utilizing feed containing agro-industrial by-products could substitute 100% of commercial feed in growing pigs and provides 60% higher income than commercial feed. Moreover, additional phytase and mannase enzymes on agroindustrial by-products feed might provide 89% higher income than commercial feed. Key words: agroindustry, by-products, commercial feed, pigs, substitution
Copyright (c) 2025 A M Pongtuluran, I K G Wiryawan, Salundik, W Negara
Evaluasi Kualitas Bahan Pakan Alternatif untuk Unggas Berbahan Dasar Maggot
The increasing cost of fish meal has become a concern for farmers. An alternative replacement is Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot meal. The research aims to assess the nutritional quality and physical properties of BSF maggot meal as a replacement for fishmeal. The analyses included proximate analysis and fatty acid profile analysis. The research design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with different living media, namely P0 = 100% kitchen organic waste, P1 = 50% kitchen organic waste and 50% cow manure, and P2 = 50% kitchen organic waste and 50% cow milk waste, along with different milling methods, namely defatted and full fat. The results showed that samples with a mixed substrate of 50% kitchen organic waste and 50% cow milk waste, using the defatted milling method, showed high protein content. Samples with a substrate mix of 50% kitchen organic waste and 50% cow feces, using the full-fat milling method, demonstrated the best balance of saturated and unsaturated fats. It can be concluded that each treatment presented different nutritional advantages, suggesting that BSF maggot meal has strong potential as an alternative animal protein source in poultry feed. Key words: alternative feed, cultivation media, maggots, nutritional content, animal protein
alternative feed, cultivation media, maggots, nutritional content, animal protein
Copyright (c) 2025 W Nurkholidza, S P Dewi, T F Rayani, P Sembada, G Ayuningtyas, D Priyambodo, F A Kurniawan
Profil Darah Domba Lepas Sapih yang Diberi Konsentrat Berbasis Protein Nabati atau Hewani
This study aimed to evaluate starter concentrate containing plant-derived protein (Indigofera sp.) or animal-derived protein (Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae meal), on hematological and blood metabolite profiles of weaned Dorper lambs. A total of 21 weaned Dorper male lambs were utilized in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatment groups and seven replications. The treatment groups included P0 = Martabe Farm feed (control), P1 = forage and starter concentrate containing Indigofera sp., and P2 = forage and starter concentrate containing BSF larvae meal. The parameters measured were nutrient intake, amino acid intake, hematology, and blood metabolites. The concentrate starter containing Indigofera sp. or BSF larvae meal significantly increased (p<0.05) nutrients and most of the individual amino acid intake, BUN, and erythrocyte count. It is concluded that the use of plant-based protein (Indigofera sp.) or animal-based protein (BSF larvae meal) in starter concentrate enhances nutrient intake and does not interfere with blood homeostasis in weaned Dorper male lambs. Key words: black soldier fly larvae meal, blood metabolites, hematology, Indigofera sp., weaned lamb
Copyright (c) 2025 D M Fassah, F F Janah, F A Rangkuti, D Diapari, A Tarigan, D A Astuti
Karakteristik Fermentasi Kedelai yang Diperkaya Cu dengan Rhizopus oryzae
Copper (Cu) addition prevents deficiency and optimizes the enzyme system, metabolic system, and increases immunity. This study examines Rhizopus oryzae in soybean media with the addition of Cu and different fermentation times on fluctuations in soybean media fermentation. The study used a factorial completely randomized design with two factors with 4 replications. Factor A is Cu (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm), and factor B is the fermentation time (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 days). The variables observed were humidity, media shrinkage, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, and pH. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using SPSS 25. The results showed that fermented soybean media Rhizopus oryzae, Cu significantly (p<0.05) reduced media shrinkage, ash, and acidity levels, and did not affect BK, and BO. Based on the fermentation time, it significantly (p<0.05) reduced media shrinkage, BK and BO, did not affect ash, and increased acidity levels. The conclusion of the study is that Cu has influence on effectiveness of Rhizopus oryzae on soybean media.
Copyright (c) 2025 H A Prasasti, T Toharmat, I Prihantoro
Suplementasi Ekstrak Buah Asam Kandis (Garcinia xanthochymus) dalam Air Minum sebagai Acidifier: Pengaruh terhadap Profil Darah dan Diferensiasi Leukosit Puyuh Jepang (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Organic acids, including those found in sour mangosteen (Garcinia xanthochymus) fruit extract, have the potential as alternatives to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sour mangosteen fruit extract (SME) supplementation at different acidity levels (pH 4, pH 3, and pH 2) as an acidifier on the blood profile and leukocyte differentiation of adult female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with four treatments: a control without SME supplementation (P0) and groups receiving SMFE-supplemented drinking water adjusted to pH 4 (P1), pH 3 (P2), and pH 2 (P3). Each treatment was replicated three times with 11 heads per replicate. The extract was administered twice weekly from 6 to 12 weeks of age. All quails were fed a commercial layer diet containing 20% crude protein, 4% crude fat, 6% crude fiber, 4% calcium, and 0.6% total phosphor. The observed parameters included blood profile indices (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes) and leukocyte differentiation (lymphocytes, monocytes, heteropils, and neutrophils). The results indicated that SME supplementation at pH 4, pH 3 and pH 2 in drinking water did not significantly affect the blood profile or leukocyte differentiation. These finding suggest that Garcinia xanthochymus fruit extract at these acidity levels can be effectively utilized as an acidifier in drinking water.
Copyright (c) 2024 T Y Sakti, S Suharti, D M Suci
Studi In Vitro Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) dan Kencur (Kaempferia galanga) sebagai Feed Additive Alami Terhadap Fermentabilitas dan Protozoa Rumen
This research investigated the potential of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) and aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga) as natural feed additives in dairy cow diets, focusing on their effects on rumen fermentation characteristics and and protozoa population through an in vitro study. The study employed a randomized block design consisting of four treatments and three replicates, utilizing rumen fluid obtained from three fistulated Friesian Holstein bull dairy cows. The treatments were defined as follows: P0 = control diet; P1 = P0 + 10% Javanese turmeric; P2 = P0 + 10% aromatic ginger; P3 = P0 + 5% Javanese turmeric + 5% aromatic ginger. The parameters assessed included rumen pH, ammonia (NH3) concentration, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, and protozoa population. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to identify significant differences (p<0.05). The results showed that none of the treatments significantly affected on the measured parameters (rumen pH, ammonia, VFA, and protozoa populations). The best results were observed in treatment P2 (10% aromatic ginger), which exhibited average values within the normal range across all parameters. The study concluded that dietary inclusion of Javanese turmeric and aromatic ginger, either alone or combined, did not disrupt rumen fermentation balance.
Copyright (c) 2024 A Rosmalia, D Evvyernie, D E Yolanda, D M Fassah
Strategi Peningkatan Kesuburan Lahan Melalui Optimalisasi Pupuk Organik Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Tanaman Indigofera zollingeriana Skala Lapang
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of manure on the production and nutrients of Indigofera zollingeriana legumes on a field scale. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments (FS0 = 0 ton ha-1 manure, FS5 = 5 ton ha-1 manure, FS10 = 10 ton ha-1 manure, FS15 = 15 ton ha-1 manure, FS20 = 20 ton ha-1 manure, FS25 = 25 ton ha-1 manure) and 5 replications. The data obtained were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant difference, it was continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that the use of manure effectively increased (p<0.05) soil pH, number of leaves, plant height, stem circumference, number of branches, fresh biomass production, dry biomass, leaf stem ratio, and nutrient biomass (crude protein and crude fiber), but has not been able to improve the nutrient quality of Indigofera zollingeriana on a field scale. It can be concluded the use of manure at a level of 25 tons ha-1 resulted in the best production of Indigofera zollingeriana plants.
Copyright (c) 2024 I Prihantoro, P D M Karti, F M Siregar
Pengaruh Acidifier Terhadap Performa Produksi Dan Analisis Usaha Pada Ayam Pedaging Yang Diinfeksi Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)
This study aimed to provide the impact of acidifier supplementation on feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broiler chickens infected with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The use of acidifiers is proposed as a potential solution to improve gut health and nutrient absorption. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD). Forty broiler chickens, ages 1 to 35, were utilized in this study, and the treatment started at 8 days of age. There were 5 treatments and 4 replications for each treatment, with 2 broiler chicks in each replication. The treatments consisted of negative control, without APEC infection (P0), positive control, with APEC infection (P1), infected with APEC with 0.1% of Antibiotic Growth Promoters in the diet (P2), and infected with APEC with additional feed acidifier 0.5% (P3). This study analyzed its effect on feed consumption, Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency. Also, the business analysis was carried out by calculating the contribution margin (CM). Data was statistically analyzed using one way-analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's multiple range test to determine any statistical differences (p<0.05). The research results show that adding an acidifier to the diet does not reduce the feed consumption value but can increase BWG, reduce the FCR value (p<0.05), improve feed efficiency, and increase the contribution margin in broiler chicken farming. It concludes that adding 0.5% acidifier to the feed can improve broiler chickens infected with APEC production performance.
Copyright (c) 2024 H I Silfia, S H Warsito, Mufasirin, S Hidanah, W P Lokapirnasari, I Yudaniayanti, M A Firdaus, E F Lisnanti