Bird Community Responses to Edge Areas in Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) Plantation in Kediri, Indonesia
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bird community, edge effects, sengon plantation
Abstract
Habitat edges modify environmental conditions and species interactions; nonetheless, their impact on bird communities in tropical plantation landscapes is still not well comprehended. This study examined bird community responses to edge formation in sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) plantations in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Bird surveys were conducted using point counts across sengon interior, agroforestry edge, and pineapple plantation edge. Species diversity was compared using Hutcheson’s t-test, and feeding guild was analyzed using PERMANOVA. A total of 30 bird species from 20 families and 2,338 individuals were detected. The sengon interior supported the highest species richness (26 species) and diversity (H′ = 2.463), compared with 22 species (H′ = 2.335) at the agroforestry edge and 22 species (H′ = 2.162) at the pineapple edge, though not significantly different (p > 0.05). The lowest encounter rates occurred in the interior (75.3 ± 6.9 individuals/hour), and higher rates occurred at the agroforestry edge (81.2 ± 9.5) and the pineapple edge (79.7 ± 7.4). Feeding guild differed among habitats(PERMANOVA, p = 0.003), although pairwise comparisons were not statistically significant (p = 0.100–0.106). Arboreal insectivores prevailed at the agroforestry edge (22.7%), aerial insectivores at the pineapple edge (18.2%), and both guilds were equally dominant in the interior (19.2%). These results indicate that sengon plantation areas maintain ecological importance for supporting both taxonomic and functional aspects of bird diversity in agricultural environments. Preserving habitat quality and supplementary habitat resources in neighboring areas might further strengthen the ecological function of sengon plantation patches in bird conservation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Hammam As-shidqi Muhammad, Ani Mardiastuti, Yeni Aryati Mulyani
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