Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Ruhuhu River Basin, Tanzania (1990–2023): A Multi-temporal Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning Analysis
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Submitted
July 27, 2025
Accepted
July 11, 2026
Published
September 1, 2026
Keywords:
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Land Use Land Cover Change, Ruhuhu River Basin, Remote Sensing, Google Earth Engine, Ecosystem
Abstract
This study presents the first multi-decadal analysis of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics in the Ruhuhu River Basin, Tanzania, over a 34-year period (1990–2023). Multi-temporal satellite imagery from Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel-2 MSI was classified using the Random Forest algorithm within Google Earth Engine into six LULC categories: water, barren land, forest, grassland, farmland, and shrubland. The classification accuracies were robust (overall accuracy: 81.60–98.70%; Kappa: 80.02–87.40%). The results revealed a sharp decline in forest cover from 56.92% to 28.60%, coupled with significant expansions in farmland (2.99% to 21.40%) and barren land (5.29% to 14.00%), driven by agricultural intensification and coal mining. These transformations have far-reaching implications for the ecological integrity of Lake Nyasa, including disrupted hydrological cycles, biodiversity loss, and reduced ecosystem services. This study provides spatially explicit evidence to support integrated land management and conservation strategies in the Ruhuhu catchment and similar sub-Saharan African river basins.
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Authors
Nakamo, S.J. (2026) “Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Ruhuhu River Basin, Tanzania (1990–2023): A Multi-temporal Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning Analysis”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 16(4), p. 550. doi:10.29244/jpsl.16.4.550.
Copyright (c) 2026 Helene Stephene Francis; Sosteness Jerome Nakamo; Fadhili Mgumia
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How to Cite
Nakamo, S.J. (2026) “Land Use/Cover Dynamics in the Ruhuhu River Basin, Tanzania (1990–2023): A Multi-temporal Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning Analysis”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 16(4), p. 550. doi:10.29244/jpsl.16.4.550.
