Analisis Struktur Rantai Pasok Pangan dan Keterlibatan UMKM Lokal dalam Pelaksanaan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Kota Tangerang Selatan

Abstract

This study aims to identify the characteristics of SPPGs, analyze the food supply chain structure and the involvement of local micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), estimate direct expenditures and workforce involvement, and formulate preliminary recommendations for strengthening the food supply chain of the MBG Program in South Tangerang City. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach supported by descriptive statistics. A total of 25 SPPGs from a population of 122 were selected using purposive sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect structured data on SPPG characteristics and supply chain activities, while in-depth interviews were conducted to explore supply chain practices and dynamics. The results show that 88 percent of the SPPGs studied were independently managed; however, only 44 percent had obtained a Hygiene and Sanitation Eligibility Certificate (SLHS). Food procurement was dominated by partners (48 percent) and cooperatives (40 percent), while direct procurement from MSMEs accounted for only 12 percent of the SPPGs studied. A total of 123 MSME–SPPG supplier linkages were recorded, with fresh food suppliers representing the largest category (50 percent), while 76 percent of the MSME suppliers involved were located in South Tangerang City. Estimated direct expenditures across the 25 SPPGs studied reached IDR 12.64 billion per month, involving 1,229 personnel, comprising 1,154 operational volunteers and 75 personnel from the National Nutrition Agency. The findings highlight the need to strengthen SPPG–MSME partnerships, enhance MSME capacity, and improve supply chain governance to increase the involvement of local MSMEs in the MBG Program.