Total Ecosystem Carbon Stock (TECS) in Various Tropical Forest Ecosystems of South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia
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Issue
Vol. 31 No. 3 (2025)
Submitted
August 27, 2024
Published
September 28, 2025
Keywords:
-
carbon sequestration, dried lowland forest, peatland forest, CO2-eq, South Sorong
Abstract
The significant uncertainty concerning the role of South Sorong’s tropical forests ecosystem in the global carbon cycle is the lack of adequate data on the total carbon content of all their components. This study aimed to fill this data gap by total carbon stock in six South Sorong, Southwest Papua, and Indonesia forest ecosystems. The above-below-ground (root) carbon stock was calculated using several published allometric equations. The walkey and black and loss-on-ignition method analysed soil carbon stocks. Aboveground live c-stock ranged from 51.9 to 105.5 Mg C ha-1 and soil c-stock from 52.91 to 1,124.3 Mg C ha-1, representing the two most significant C components in all plots. The C in litter (10.5 to 49.9 Mg C ha-1), dead and downed wood (0.2 to 2.9 Mg C ha-1) and roots (9.2 to 58.2 Mg C ha-1) accounted for less than 5.3% of the total C. The total ecosystem carbon stock ranged from 213.0 to 1,217.4 Mg C ha-1. More C was found in the peat swamp forest in six forest ecosystems, where deeper soil (organic sediment) was the main support factor. Both DLFE and PSFE are unique ecosystems that need to be considered in their management so that we can benefit from those present in local, regional, and global communities.
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References
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Cieszewski, C. J., Zasada, M., Lowe, R. C., & Liu, S. (2021). Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights. Forests, 12(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020141
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De Feudis, M., Falsone, G., Vianello, G., Agnelli, A., & Vittori Antisari, L. (2022). Soil organic carbon stock assessment in forest ecosystems through pedogenic horizons and fixed depth layers sampling: What’s the best one? Land Degradation & Development, 33(9), 1446–1458. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4253
Dharmawan, I. W. E. (2021). Mangrove health index distribution on the restored post-tsunami mangrove area in Biak Island, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 860(1), 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/860/1/012007
Dharmawan, I. W. E., Ulumuddin, Y. I., & Prayudha, B. (2020). Manual for mangrove community structure monitoring and research in Indonesia.
Fatem, S. M., Djitmau, D. A., Ungirwalu, A., Wanma, A. O., Simbiak, V. I., Benu, N. M. H., Tambing, J., & Murdjoko, A. (2020). Species diversity, composition, and heterospecific associations of trees in three altitudinal gradients in Bird’s Head Peninsula, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(8), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210824
Gerke, J. (2022). The Central Role of Soil Organic Matter in Soil Fertility and Carbon Storage. Soil Systems, 6(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020033
Gurung, M. B., Bigsby, H., Cullen, R., & Manandhar, U. (2015). Estimation of carbon stock under different management regimes of tropical forest in the Terai Arc Landscape, Nepal. Forest Ecology and Management, 356, 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.07.024
Hairiah, K., Dewi, S., Agus, F., Velarde, S., Andree, E., Rahayu, S., & van Noordwijk, M. (2001). Measuring carbon stocks. World Agroforestry Centre.
Hidayah, Z., Rachman, H. A., & As-Syakur, A. R. (2022, September 1). Mapping of mangrove forest and carbon stock estimation of east coast Surabaya, Indonesia. | Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity | EBSCOhost. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230951
Hilmi, E., Parengrengi, Vikaliana, R., Kusmana, C., Iskandar, Sari, L. K., & Setijanto. (2017). The carbon conservation of mangrove ecosystem applied REDD program. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 16, 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2017.08.005
Hoogsteen, M. J. J., Lantinga, E. A., Bakker, E. J., Groot, J. C. J., & Tittonell, P. A. (2015). Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: Effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss. European Journal of Soil Science, 66(2), 320–328. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224
Imani, G., Boyemba, F., Lewis, S., Nabahungu, N. L., Calders, K., Zapfack, L., Riera, B., Balegamire, C., & Cuni-Sanchez, A. (2017). Height-diameter allometry and above ground biomass in tropical montane forests: Insights from the Albertine Rift in Africa. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0179653. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179653
Indarto, I., Budiyono, B., Faisol, A., & Novita, E. (2022). Assessment of agricultural drought based on CHIRPS data and SPI method over West Papua – Indonesia. Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022; No 52; 44-52. https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=122394
Jones, I. L., DeWalt, S. J., Lopez, O. R., Bunnefeld, L., Pattison, Z., & Dent, D. H. (2019). Above- and belowground carbon stocks are decoupled in secondary tropical forests and are positively related to forest age and soil nutrients respectively. Science of The Total Environment, 697, 133987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133987
Kauffman, J. B., Adame, M. F., Arifanti, V. B., Schile-Beers, L. M., Bernardino, A. F., Bhomia, R. K., Donato, D. C., Feller, I. C., Ferreira, T. O., Jesus Garcia, M. del C., MacKenzie, R. A., Megonigal, J. P., Murdiyarso, D., Simpson, L., & Hernández Trejo, H. (2020). Total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangroves across broad global environmental and physical gradients. Ecological Monographs, 90(2), e01405. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1405
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Authors
Lense, O. N., Wanma, J. F., Kesaulija, K. F., Simbiak, F., Mansyur, F. I., Rachim, A. K., Wanma, B., Kesaulija, R., Simanjorang, D., & Lense, J. E. (2025). Total Ecosystem Carbon Stock (TECS) in Various Tropical Forest Ecosystems of South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 31(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.31.3.215
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Lense, O. N., Wanma, J. F., Kesaulija, K. F., Simbiak, F., Mansyur, F. I., Rachim, A. K., Wanma, B., Kesaulija, R., Simanjorang, D., & Lense, J. E. (2025). Total Ecosystem Carbon Stock (TECS) in Various Tropical Forest Ecosystems of South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 31(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.31.3.215
