Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI), (Indonesian Journal of Horticulture), is an official publication of the Indonesian Society for Horticulture, founded in 2010, first launched and published in National Seminar of Indonesian Horticulture, Udayana University – Bali at 25th November 2010. The JHI publishes primary research paper, review article, policy analysis and research notes and preliminary results in all areas of horticulture. Manuscripts could be written either in English or in Indonesia. JHI is a triannual publication; April, August, December. The JHI is published Indonesian Society for Horticulture (PERHORTI) in partnership with Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Hortikultura) was accredited “B” as a national journal as well as SINTA 2 category, based on Decree of Directorate General for Higher Education No 2/E/KPT/2015, dated 1st December 2005 on Accreditation of Scientific Journals by Directorate General for Higher Education in the first period on 2015. In 2020, based on Decree of Minister of Research and Technology/BRIN, No 200/M/KPT/2020, dated 23 December 2020, JHI was accredited SINTA 2 [Download] . e-ISSN: 2614-2872
Indonesian Society for Horticulture / Department of Agronomy and Horticulture
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Efisiensi Pupuk Anorganik dengan Pemberian Kompos Decanter Solid dan Pupuk Hayati yang diperkaya dengan Mucuna bracteata terhadap Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.)
Peningkatan produktivitas cabai merah dapat dilakukan dengan pemupukan. Penggunaan pupuk anorganik dalam waktu yang relatif lama dapat menimbulkan penurunan kesuburan tanah dan berkurangnya kandungan bahan organik. Oleh karena itu penggunaan kompos yang berasal dari decanter solid pabrik kelapa sawit dan pupuk hayati yang perkaya Mucuna bracteata dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan dosis pupuk terbaik dalam mengurangi dosis pupuk NPK. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Ridan Permai, Kecamatan Bangkinang Kota, Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi Riau pada bulan Agustus 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 24 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 75% pupuk NPK + kompos decanter solid + pupuk hayati (10% M. bracteata) mampu menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi yang sama dengan 100% pupuk NPK sehingga kombinasi kedua pupuk ini dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk NPK sebesar 25%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kombinasi pupuk organik dan hayati mampu meningkatkan efisiensi serapan hara serta memperbaiki ketersediaan unsur hara tanah. Kata kunci : limbah kelapa sawit, produktivitas, pupuk anorganik, pupuk hayati, ramah lingkungan
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI)
Uji Adaptasi Tiga Varietas Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) pada Tanah Masam
Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) is a high-value horticultural crop with significant economic importance in the culinary, health, and industrial sectors. The increasing market demand has driven eJorts to develop varieties that are adaptive to diverse environmental conditions. Of the more than 20 shallot varieties cultivated in Indonesia, only a few are capable of adapting to acidic soils. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptive capacity of three shallot varieties (Bima Brebes, Sanren, and Lokananta) in acidic soil conditions. The experiment was conducted on acidic soil using a non-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 9 replications, resulting in 27 experimental units. The results showed that all three varieties were able to grow on regosol soil with a soil pH value of 4.60 and significant differences were observed among the varieties for most growth parameters. Bima Brebes exhibited the highest performance at the final observation, with a plant height of 28.21 cm, 43.07 leaves, 9.69 tillers, 10.62 bulbs, 31.29 g bulb weight per clump, 40.96 g fresh bulb weight per plant, and 3.62 g dry bulb weight per plant. These findings suggest that Bima Brebes has strong potential as a superior variety for sustainable optimization of acidic soils. Keywords: Adaptation, Bima Brebes, Lokananta, Sanren
Uji Efektivitas Sterilisasi dan Jenis Eksplan yang Berbeda pada Citrullus lanatus L. secara In Vitro
Watermelon plants require consistent environmental conditions throughout their growth period. Tissue culture serves as a solution in plant propagation techniques that can control the environmental conditions for watermelon growth. This study aims to determine the appropriate sterilization method and explant type for watermelon plant propagation using tissue culture techniques. The research was conducted from June to August 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This study used a Complete Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) with two factors: six treatments of different sterilization agent sequences for explants, including Benomyl 0.2% for 3 minutes, detergent for 3 minutes, HgCl₂ 0.03% for 10 minutes, and 70% alcohol for 45 seconds, and four types of explants: radicle, hypocotyl, plumule, and cotyledon, with two replicates of five experimental units each. The results showed that sterilization factors and explant types had a significant effect on the percentage of contaminated explants and indicated a decrease in contamination in the treatment of 0.2% benomyl for 3 minutes, detergent for 3 minutes, 0.03% HgCl2 for 10 minutes, and 70% alcohol for 45 seconds on cotyledon explants. Keywords: browning, contamination, tissue culture, watermelon sprout
Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Dendrobium mussauense melalui Teknik Thin Cell Layer (TCL) dengan Penambahan 2,4-D
In vitro culture provides an effective strategy for conserving and mass propagating the endangered orchid Dendrobium mussauense. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of 2.4-D on somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction using transverse thin cell layer (TCL) and non-TCL techniques. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, involving two factors: culture technique (TCL and non-TCL) and 2.4-D concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-¹), with four replications for each treatment. Explants were stem segments from 12-month-old D. mussauense plantlets. The highest survival and SE formation rates were observed in non-TCL explants treated with 4 mg L⁻¹ 2.4-D, reaching 75% and 50%, respectively. The earliest shoot and root emergence occurred at 13–14 and 23–25 days, respectively, under the same treatment. SE development in non-TCL explants treated with 2 mg L⁻¹ 2.4-D progressed through globular, scutellar, and coleoptilar stages within two weeks. Overall, 2.4-D concentrations of 2 and 4 mg L-¹ were most effective for SE induction in D. mussauense using both TCL and non-TCL techniques. Keywords: auxin, explant, SE, root induction, shoot induction.
Aplikasi Pupuk Mikro Boron dan Molibdenum pada Kualitas Buah Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Varietas Mencir
Indonesian strawberry quality is generally still low leading to high strawberry imports. Research aimed to evaluate the effect of Boron (B) and Molybdenum (Mo) applications on the production and quality of strawberries. The research was conducted at a farmer’s field in Rancabali-Bandung, Indonesia, from July to August 2024. Formulated foliar fertilizer containing 500 ppm B and 5 ppm Mo was applied with different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%). It was applied at different fruit stages (5 and 12 days after anthesis). Data were evaluated for the number of fruits, fruit size and weight, and fruit quality. Results showed that application time at different fruit ages had no significant effect on all variables. Fertilizer concentration did not affect fruit production, but it affected fruit firmness, TTA, and TSS levels. The concentration of 0.8% resulted in the highest level of firmness, the lowest TAA level (0.32%), and the highest TSS (12.40 oBrix). Thus, the B and Mo applications enhanced some indicators of fruit quality in strawberries. It is important to evaluate the effect of B and Mo applications at the farmer’s level to enhance strawberry quality. Keywords: Acidity, Brix, foliar fertilizer, production, vitamin C
Aktivitas Fisiologis dan Pertumbuhan Melon (Cucumis melo L.) pada Perlakuan Sonic Bloom dan Pupuk Daun
Melon is a high-value economic commodity with broad market demand. However, melon production in Indonesia has shown relatively slow growth. To address this issue, sonic bloom technology, which stimulates stomatal opening, can be combined with foliar fertilizer to enhance melon growth. This study aimed to determine the optimal sonic bloom frequency and foliar fertilizer concentration to improve melon plant physiological activity and growth. The research was conducted from January to April 2024 at the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sebelas Maret screen house. The experimental design followed a fully nested layout with two treatment factors: sonic bloom frequency (Hz) (F1 = 4,000 and F2 = 4,500) and compound foliar fertilizer application (control, 1, 3, and 5 g L-1). The fertilizer concentration factor was nested within the frequency factor and replicated four times in a randomized arrangement. Data were analyzed using 5% ANOVA, 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD) for mean comparison, and regression and correlation analyses. The results demonstrated that a 4,500 Hz frequency significantly increased chlorophyll b content, plant height at 5 WAP (weeks after planting), and number of segments at 5 WAP. . However, sonic bloom frequency had no significant effect on stomatal density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, or leaf number at 5 WAP. The regression analysis results indicated that the optimal foliar fertilizer concentration for enhancing melon growth ranged between 2.96 - 3.68 g L-1. Keywords: chlorophyll, nutrient, photosynthesis, soundwave, stomata
Efektivitas Kompos Baglog Jamur Tiram sebagai Pupuk Organik pada Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Oyster mushroom baglog waste is the leftover growth medium used in mushroom cultivation, which still contains high levels of nutrients such as organic carbon (49%), nitrogen (0.6%), phosphorus (0.7%), and potassium (0.02%). This waste has great potential to be utilized as a raw material for organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oyster mushroom baglog compost as an organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The study employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and five replications. The treatments included: P1 (100% fertile soil), P2 (50% fertile soil + 50% baglog compost), P3 (35% fertile soil + 65% baglog compost), P4 (20% fertile soil + 80% baglog compost), and P5 (5% fertile soil + 95% baglog compost). The research was conducted at the Agro Learning Center in Denpasar from April to October 2024. Observed parameters included plant height, number of leaf, number of flowers, and number of fruits. The results showed that P1 treatment (100% fertile soil) provided the best plant growth in the initial phase at 3 WAP and 10 WAP. Whereas, P4 treatment (20% fertile soil + 80% baglog compost) produced the highest number of flowers and fruits compared to other treatments. These findings indicate that oyster mushroom baglog compost has strong potential as an environmentally friendly organic fertilizer and can help reduce farmers’ dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Keywords: Fruit production, plant nutrition, soil fertility, sustainable fertilizer
Peningkatan Produktivitas Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) pada Tanah Aluvial dengan Pemberian Trichokompos dan Pupuk Kalsium
Alluvial soil management to increase tomatoes growth and yield is faced with low physical, chemical, and biological soil quality. Improvement of alluvial soil quality can be achieved by providing organic materials enriched with microorganisms and fertilization for nutrient supply for plants. The study aims to determine the role of trichocompost based of goat manure and calcium fertilizer in increasing tomatoes productivity. The study was conducted in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan. The research from April to June 2024. A factorial randomized block design was used to organize the field research. The first factor is the dose level of trichocompost (without trichocompost, 10 tons ha-1, and 20 tons ha-1). The second treatment was the dosage level of calcium fertilizer (without calcium fertilizer, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g L-1). The results showed trichocompost and calcium fertilizer can increased the growth and yield of tomatoes on alluvial soil. Calcium fertilizer 5 g L-1 and trichocompost 2 ton ha-1 were optimal in increasing the growth and yield of tomatoes. The interaction of 10 g L-1 calcium fertilizer and 2 tons ha-1 trichocompost was able to increase the number of fruits 38.50 fruits and the fruit weight per plant 1514.38 g. Keywords: microorganisms, plant nutrition, soil fertility, tomatoes yield
The Interaction Effect of Single NPK Fertilizer with Compound NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L.)
The success of shallot farming is influenced by the availability of high-quality seeds of superior varieties, accompanied by balanced fertilization. NPK fertilizer is important for the growth and development of plants and the yield of shallot bulbs. The experiment was carried out from August to October 2019 in dry land Karangploso Experimental Garden, Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology (AIAT) of East Java (Malang Regency) during the dry season. This study aims to determine the influence interaction from applying various doses of single NPK fertilizer Urea, ZA, SP-36 and KCl and compound NPK fertilizer against growth and shallot yield. The experimental design used a randomized block design (RBD) arranged factorially (8x3). The first factor is the fertilization package single NPK which consists of two levels, namely: P1= 150 kg ha-1 Urea + 300 kg ha-1 ZA + 150 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 150 kg ha-1 KCl; and P2= 200 kg ha-1 Urea + 500 kg ha-1 ZA + 200 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 200 kg ha-1 KCl. The second factor was compound NPK fertilizer, which consisted of four levels: N0= without compound NPK fertilizer; N1= 100 kg ha-1; N2= 200 kg ha-1; and N3= 300 kg ha-1. The study’s results showed that the treatment of single doses of NPK fertilizer and compound NPK fertilizers did not provide a significant interaction, so these two factors were independent. Keywords: Anorganic Fertilizer, Production, Shallots
Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume secara In Vivo dengan Thidiazuron (TDZ)
Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume is a type of orchid widely used as an ornamental plant and as a parent species in breeding programs. Overexploitation and slow vegetative growth make this species a target for ex-situ conservation efforts, which can be supported through the application of nutrients and plant growth regulators, such as Thidiazuron (TDZ). This study aimed to examine the effect of TDZ application and determine the optimal concentration of TDZ for the growth of P. amabilis. The research was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024 in Tembalang, Semarang, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, namely TDZ concentration (0.25, and 50 ppm). The observed parameters included the length and width of existing leaves, the number and emergence time of new leaves, leaf color, the number and emergence time of new roots, and stomatal density. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that TDZ significantly enhanced the length and width of existing leaves, the number and emergence time of new leaves, and stomatal density in P. amabilis. Thidiazuron (TDZ) also affected leaf color. The best concentration for promoting leaf growth was 25 ppm TDZ. Keywords: conservation, cytokinin, growth regulator, vegetative
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Urin Kelinci dan Dosis Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah
The application of inorganic fertilizers in shallot cultivation has an impact on soil degradation, so an alternative such as organic fertilizers is essential for more environmentally friendly fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) concentration from rabbit urine and NPK fertilizer dosage, as well as their combination, on the growth and yield of shallots. The research was conducted from March 2023 to August 2023 in Banjarsari Wetan Village, Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency. The design used was a Complete Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 3 replications with 12 treatment combinations. The first factor was the concentration of rabbit urine LOF with 4 levels, namely 0 mL L-1, 100 mL L-1, 150 mL L-1, and 200 mL L-1. The second factor is NPK fertilizer dosage consisting of 3 levels of 200, 150, and 100 kg Ha-1. The results showed that the application of LOF 200 mL L-1 could increase the number of leaves 5 weeks after planting and 7 weeks after planting; leaf area 7 weeks after planting; and plant fresh weight at 5 weeks after planting. The recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (200 kg Ha-1) increased the number of leaves 5 weeks dan 7 weeks; and leaf area 7 weeks. The combination of 100 mL L-1 rabbit urine LOF concentration and 200 kg Ha-1 NPK fertilizer can increase the number of tubers and tuber fresh weight. Keyword: Rabbit urine fertilizer, NPK dosage
Budidaya Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Terapung di Rawa Lebak dengan Volume Media Tanam Berbeda
The increasing population also increases the need for vegetables, so it is necessary to increase vegetable production. Floating system cultivation can be used as an alternative form to increase vegetable production by utilizing flooded land. One factor that can affect plant growth is the volume of planting media. This research was conducted to determine proper the volume of planting media in Brassica rapa L. cultivation using floating system as an effort to produce optimum production in swamp area cultivation. This research was carried out in the swamp research field laboratory Agronomy Department Sriwijaya University from July to September 2024. The research method used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments consisting of 1.9 liter (V1), 2.7 liter (V2), 3.6 liter (V3), and 5 liter (V4) planting media volume. This floating agriculture system used a raft made of bamboo and mineral water gallons measuring 1.3 m × 2 m with the approach hydroponic wick system and modified floating rafts. The research results showed that cultivating Brassica rapa L. with volumes of media using floating system produced the highest quality of growth per plant in 5 L media volume treatment (V4). Meanwhile, 1.9 L media volume treatment (V1) was able to accommodate larger a plant population with the highest production yield per raft unit. Keywords : floating rafts, flooded land, vegetables, wick system
Penggunaan Pupuk Hayati Endomikoriza untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Jagung Manis
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients are essential for sweet corn growth and yield. N, P, and K fertilizer is increasingly limited and expensive, so it should be an efficient application. Endomycorrhiza is a mycorrhiza that is symbiotic with roots, forming a hyphae network that expands the root surface to absorb nutrients. The objective of this research was to study the role of Endomycorrhiza to the efficiency of N, P, and K fertilization. There were six levels: without fertilization, fertilization of 1.00 dose of Standard NPK, 1.00 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza, 0.75 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza, 0.50 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza, and 0.25 dose of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhiza. Standard NPK is 135 kg N, 72 kg P2O5, and 120 kg K2O per hectare. The dose of Endomycorrhizal biofertilizer (2.1 x 103 CFU g-1 active mycorrhizal propagules) was 800 kg per hectare. The treatments were repeated 4 times. The number of leaves at 8 weeks after planting without fertilization was the least (11.8 leaves), which were fertilized with 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25 doses of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhizae were more (average 13.7 leaves) than 1.0 dose of Standard NPK without mycorrhizae (12.9 leaves). The yield of husked cobs from 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 doses of Standard NPK+Endomycorrhizae were similar and higher (average 5.44 tons ha-1) than 1.00 dose of Standard NPK without Endomycorrhizae (4.72 tons ha-1). The Endomycorrhiza biofertilizer could save 50% of the standard NPK dose with 11.2% higher results. Keywords: corn cob weight, hyphae, mycorrhiza, propagules, symbiosis
Studi Tahap Perkembangan Mikrospora dan Respon Pepaya Hermaprodit Varietas Callina melalui Kultur Antera
Anther culture is an in vitro culture technique that is promising in obtaining haploid plants in one generation. This study aimed to obtain information regarding the stages of microspore development and anther response in three sizes of Callina papaya hermaphroditic flower buds on a callus induction medium. The research was conducted at the Microtechnics and Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, IPB- Bogor, from July to November 2022. The planting material used was three sizes of hermaphrodite flowers of the papaya variety Callina including small (10-15 mm), medium (16-20 mm) and large (21-25 mm). The culture medium used was MS medium with six PGR treatments, namely four combination treatments of (0.005, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1) CPPU and (0.1 mg L-1) NAA; 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA; and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 2.0 mg L-1 NAA. The experimental design used a Randomized Complete Group Design (RCBD) with one factor (microspore development stage) and 2 factors (callus induction). The results showed that flowers measuring 10-15 mm had the highest percentage of uninucleate microspores (77.95%), a responsive size for inducing callus formation from anthers. Treatments of 0.5 mg L-1 CPPU and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA showed the highest percentage of anthers forming callus (40.4%). At the same time, flower size did not significantly influence the parameters observed, but 10-15 mm flower sizes showed the highest percentage of anthers forming callus (13%). Keywords: BAP, CPPU, callus induction, flower bud, NAA
Optimization of N Fertilization in Polianthes tuberose ‘ Roro Anteng’
Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is a popular cut flower in Indonesia, with excellent potential for development as a raw material for essential oils. Fertilization optimization is one of the efforts to meet the production needs of tuberose. This study aims to enhance the growth of tuberose plants and the production of flowers and bulbs of the Roro Anteng variety through optimized nitrogen fertilization. The research was conducted at Green Smart Farm Cikabayan, IPB University, from June to December 2023. The study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors: fertilizer doses of 600 kg ha-1, 450 kg ha-1, and 300 kg ha-1, and fertilization frequencies of 2, 3, and 4 times. The results showed that the nitrogen dose of 600 kg ha-1, with two applications, produced tuberose with more leaves than the doses of 450 kg ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1, and fertilization frequencies of three and four times. Different nitrogen doses and frequencies did not affect the number and quality of tuberose flowers. The nitrogen dose of 600 kg ha-1 produced more bulbs with larger sizes compared to doses of 450 kg ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1. However, the flowers’ highest flavonoid and phenol content was achieved with fertilization with a dose of 450 kg ha-1 applied three times. Keywords: dose fertilizer, frequency fertilizer, flower production, tuber production
Dormansi Benih Melon (Cucumis melo L.): Penyebab, Tipe, dan Efektivitas Perlakuan Plasma untuk Pematahan Dormansi
Freshly harvested melon seeds exhibit dormancy, resulting in a germination rate of less than 45%. Plasma, an ionized gas, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that enhance seed imbibition. This study aimed to identify the type of dormancy in melon seeds and evaluate the effects of plasma treatment through two experiments. The first experiment assessed the physiological quality of seeds over 10 weeks and measured hormone concentrations in seeds stored for 0 to 5 weeks. For seeds stored for 7 weeks, we peeled the testa and tegmen. The second experiment tested plasma effects on freshly harvested seeds by applying it at voltages of 100, 150, and 225 volts for 120 seconds, both on dry seeds and those moistened for 1 hour. We also optimized soaking times (2, 4, or 6 hours) for seeds with a 4-week shelf life at 225 volts. Results showed fluctuating levels of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones, with peeling increasing the germination rate to 89%. Seeds treated with plasma exhibited higher GA concentrations than the control, and a 2-hour soaking before 225-volt plasma application increased the germination rate to 83.5%. In conclusion, melon seeds demonstrate both physical dormancy (due to a non-permeable seed coat) and physiological dormancy (linked to hormonal balance). Keywords: ABA, GA, germination, RNS, ROS
Aktivitas Fisiologis Cincau Hijau Perdu (Premna oblongifolia) pada Pemberian Mikoriza dan Biochar Serat Aren
Green grass jelly shrub is a plant that has various benefits, so market demand for this plant continues to increase every year. On the other hand, the production of green grass jelly shrub has decreased so the market demand for this plant cannot be met. This study aims to determine the interaction between the dose of mycorrhiza and palm fiber biochar composition on the physiological activity of green grass jelly shrubs. Research with experimental methods was conducted in Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, June-October 2023. The method used was a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) and 3 replicates. The first factor was the dose of mycorrhizal fertilizer (0, 5, 10, and 15 g plant-1) and the composition of planting media [soil (control), soil:palm fiber biochar (1:1), soil:palm fiber biochar (1:2), and soil:palm fiber biochar (2:1)]. Data experiments were analyzed using analysis of variance at the 5% error level and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% error level. The results showed that the dose of mycorrhiza 15 g plant-1 gave better results on plant height, weight of dry, number of stomata, and width of stomatal openings. Treatment of the composition planting media soil: palm fiber biochar with a ratio of 2:1 gave better results on stomatal opening width. Keywords: Phosphate, pectin, stomatal, transpiration, Verbenaceae
Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Mulsa Polyethylene terhadap Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di Lahan Kering
Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an important commodity in Indonesia’s economy, but their growth in dry land areas is often hindered by water limitations and suboptimal environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the impact of plastic mulch on the growth and yield of shallots in dry land using a drip irrigation system. The experiment was conducted at the Cikarawang Experimental Field, IPB University, from September to December 2022, using a non-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with plastic mulch and no mulch treatments. The use of plastic mulch tended to reduce plant growth. However, plastic mulch was effective in reducing tuber weight loss, which could potentially increase farmers' income. These findings provide valuable insights for developing sustainable shallot cultivation techniques in dry land areas. Keywords: drip irrigation, dry land, plastic mulch, shallot production, weight loss
Karakter Fisikokimia Buah Melon Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. Cantaloupe) yang Dipanen Awal
Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L var. Cantaloupe) is a climacteric fruit that shows rapid physical and morphological changes after the fruit is harvested. The shelf life of the fruit can be extended by harvesting early after the fruit has reached the physiological ripeness stage. This study aimed to assess the effect of early harvesting time on the quality of cantaloupe fruit during storage. The experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Tropical Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University (PKHT, IPB) Farm Tajur, Bogor, and postharvest ripening test was conducted at Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. Parameters observed included respiration rate, ethylene production, changes in skin wrinkling, soluble sugar concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C content. The result showed that cantaloupe harvested early at 32 days after anthesis has peak respiration at 7 days after harvest, peak ethylene production 9 days after harvest, shrivel incidence of the fruit skin at 18 days after harvest, highest PTT content (6.99 oBrix), ATT (0.02 mL g-1), PTT/ATT ratio (493.75), and vitamin C content (20.65 mg (100 g)-1. Keywords: climacteric fruit, postharvest quality, shelf life, ethylene production
Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa dan Tinggi Bedengan terhadap Lingkungan Mikro Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are an agricultural commodity with high economic value that cannot tolerate drought because of their short roots. Still, it cannot tolerate being in a place that is flooded with water. Efforts to manipulate the environment of shallot plants can be done by providing mulch and adjusting the height of the beds to improve soil air conditioning, as well as optimizing soil temperature and moisture. The research aims to obtain the best type of mulch and bed height that can increase the growth and yield of shallots. The study was carried out in January-April 2023 in Menggare Village, Slahung, Ponorogo, East Java. The research used RBD with 9 combination treatments of mulch and bed height (without mulch, straw, and silver black plastic mulch with bed heights of 30, 40, and 50 cm) and was repeated 3 times. Straw mulch and silver black plastic mulch can reduce soil temperature to a depth of 10 cm by 1.5-3.0 oC and 1.84 oC. Treatment of silver black plastic mulch 40 cm and 50 cm and 50 cm of straw mulch increased tuber production by 29.9, 34.6, and 31.9% compared to without mulch, 30 cm, which produces tubers 9.28 ton ha-1. Keywords: microclimate, silver black plastic mulch, shallot, soil temperature
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleorotus ostreatus) pada Variasi Media Tumbuh yang Diperkaya Limbah Organik
White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) have high economic value due to their nutritional content and the increasing market demand. However, optimizing an effective and environmentally friendly growing medium remains a challenge. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in growing media enriched with organic waste from coffee husks, sugarcane bagasse, and cocoa husks on the growth and yield of oyster mushrooms. The research was conducted from May to September 2023 at Bee Jamur, Peguyangan Village, Bali. The method used was a split-plot design. The first factor, as the main plot, consisted of three types of organic waste: coffee husks (L1), cocoa husks (L2), and sugarcane bagasse (L3). The second factor, as the subplot, comprised eight organic waste compositions: K1 = 100% sawdust (control); K2 = 15% organic waste (LO); K3 = 25% LO; K4 = 35% LO; K5 = 45% LO; K6 = 55% LO; K7 = 65% LO; K8 = 75% LO. The results showed that using organic waste as an additive in the growing medium increased mycelium growth speed, wet weight, and the physical characteristics of the oyster mushrooms compared to the control. The medium with the addition of coffee husks yielded the best results in terms of growth and mushroom production. Furthermore, organoleptic tests showed that mushrooms grown using sugarcane bagasse media were the most preferred in aroma, texture, and taste. Keywords: baglog, mushroom, coffee husks, cocoa husks, sugarcane bagasse
Studi Perkecambahan Benih Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Asal Indonesia
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) originates from the Peruvian Amazon forest and can be processed into sacha inchi oil, which has a positive impact on human health. This study aims to determine the percentage of germination, germination speed, and seedling morphology in the germination of sacha inchi seeds. The study was conducted in the experimental field and Plant Breeding and Seed Technology Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, from July 1 to November 12, 2024. The study consisted of a tetrazolium test and a germination test with sand media. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design with two factors in the form of seed accession (Bogor, Cimahi, and Lampung) and germination period, with three replications (July 1, August 22, and October 5, 2024). The results showed non-viable seeds based on the Tetrazolium test on each accession: Bogor: 6%; Cimahi: 10%; and Lampung: 83.3%. The percentage of germination and germination speed of sacha inchi seeds on average in 3 periods was 7.56% and 0.35% etmal-1, found in Cimahi accessions. The rate of germination and germination speed of Cimahi accessions could be higher by 12% and 0.75% etmal-1 in the first period. The type of sacha inchi germination is the epigeal type: a sprout that lifts the cotyledons. The cotyledons are light green, then lifted and leave their seed coats. Keywords: accession, epigeal, germination percentage, germination speed, tetrazolium test
Seed Diversity Five Species of Chili (Capsicum spp.) Based on Morphological Characters and Seed Viability
Chili seeds have a lot of diversity and are a cultivation success. Identification of chili seed diversity and seed viability testing is needed as one step in assembling varieties and providing quality seeds. The objective of this study was to obtain information on seed shape, beak protrusion, 1000-seed weight, and seed viability. The study was conducted on 63 chili genotypes from 5 species (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens) in February-July 2023 at the IPB Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Observations include the morphological and physiological properties of chili seeds. Chili seeds are generally yellowish white with a beak protrusion, except C. pubescens (black color, no beak protrusion), kidney-shaped seeds (C. annuum), oval (C. baccatum), teardrops (C. frutescens), D-shaped (C. pubescens), circular with a fish mouth (C. chinense). The chili species observed had various sizes of 1000-seed weight (light (<3.90 g), medium (3.90-5.68 g), and heavy (>5.68 g). Genetic diversity of germination, maximum growth potential, vigor index, growth rate, and growth simultaneity were categorized broadly, while normal dry weight of sprouts, growth rate, and 1,000 seed weight were categorized narrowly. Seed size did not affect the percentage of seed germination. The C.pubescens species had different seed characteristics from other Capsicum species, while the C.annuum species had similarities with C.frutescens, C.chinense, and C.baccatum. Keywords: chili, diversity, morphology, seeds, species
Potensi Ekstrak Bunga Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dan Tanaman Mimosa pudica L. sebagai Edible Coating untuk Memperpanjang Masa Simpan pada Buah Apel
The apple industry in Indonesia, particularly in East Java Province, faces significant challenges related to fruit spoilage, which can result in substantial economic losses. One potential solution to address this issue is the application of natural-based edible coatings. This study aims to examine the effects of combining torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower extract and mimosa (Mimosa pudica) plant extract as the main ingredients in edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of apples. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with four treatments: no coating (P0), coating with 2% extract (P1), 4% extract (P2), and 6% extract (P3). The results revealed that the combination of these extracts contained antimicrobial compounds such as dodecanal, octane, 1,1-diethoxy-, squalene, and methyl stearate, which effectively inhibited spoilage. The P3 treatment (6% extract) proved the most effective in maintaining apple quality, as indicated by stable weight, firmness, and sustained sugar and vitamin C content during storage. Keywords: post-harvest, storage capacity, secondary metabolites
Induksi Kalus Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Melalui Kultur In Vitro
Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. is a protected type of plant. Regeneration seeds in their natural habitat is difficult and takes a long time. In situ conservation with in vitro culture is an alternative to population recovery in its natural habitat. This study aims to determine the response of several types of explants and growth regulator to induce callus. The type of explant used is petiolus, branching of leaf lamina and leaf lamina, while the growth regulator used is BAP, CPPU and TDZ. The results showed that vertically cultured petiolus was able to produce more calluses and a shorter time than horizontally cultured. Vertically cultured petiolus explants are the explants that produce the most calluses and the fastest initiation time compared to leaf lamina and leaf lamina branching explants. MS media with the addition of TDZ 1 mg L-1 is the best medium in producing calluses. The fastest callus initiation time was obtained on MS media with the addition of TDZ 1 mg L-1 with vertically cultured petiolus explant. Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, petiole, thidiazuron, plant growth regulator
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Aplikasi Kompos Limbah Bawang Dayak dan FMA untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Pakcoy di Tanah Gambut
This research aims to study the effect of providing Dayak onion harvest waste compost and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to increase the growth and yield of pak choy in inland peat soil. The method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), a 4x4 factorial pattern, and 3 replications. First factor=Dayak onion harvest waste compost (0, 10, 20, 30 ton ha-1). Second factor dose (0, 2, 4, 6 ton ha-1). The interaction treatment of the waste compost at a dose of 20 tons ha-1 and AMF at a dose of 6 tons ha-1 had a significant effect on the growth of the number of leaves at 21 DAS. The waste compost at a dose of 30 tons ha-1 and AMF at a dose of 4 tons ha-1 had a significant effect on plant dry weight. Providing the waste compost at a dose of 30 tons ha-1 had a significant effect over other treatments. At a dose of 20 tons ha-1, it had a significant effect on root length. AMF did not differ significantly in plant height, number of leaves at 14, 21, and 28 DAS, leaf area, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight. Keywords: Brassica rapa L., compost dosage, harvest waste compost, Completely Randomized Design (CRD), inland peat soil
Respons Morfologi dan Anatomi Kultivar Cabai (Capsicum annuum L) dan Penetapan Tingkat Toleransinya terhadap Defisit Air
Drought stress causes economic losses in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) farming in Indonesia. Identification of drought-tolerant chili cultivars is needed as the first step in developing drought-tolerant chili varieties. The research aims to identify morpho-anatomical changes in several chili cultivars and determine their tolerance level to water deficit using the DSI (Drought Sensitivity Index). The study was accomplished from February to August 2022 at the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong. The experimental plots were arranged using a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The main plot comprised media humidity (80% and 35% field capacity), with subplots consisting of six chili cultivars. The results showed that plants were dormant while flowering time and harvest time were delayed under water deficit conditions, trichome density increased, while other variables decreased. A decrease in vegetative growth and late emergence of flower buds (phenology) preceded a decrease in yield. Chili cv. SSP and Genie were determined to be tolerant to water deficit conditions based on the SSI. Keywords: drought stress, drought sensitivity index, drought tolerance, phenology
Penggunaan Indole Butirat Acid untuk Setek Pucuk Kantong Semar (Nepenthes ampullaria Jack.) Hijau Polos
The pitcher plant (Nepenthes ampullaria Jack.) is an endemic species distributed in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This species has a least concern status due to the lack of recent research data on its abundance and distribution. Exploitation for trade and deforestation have led to population decline. In addition, the long time to reach the generative phase and dioecious flowering type also contribute to the reduction of Nepenthes sp. Conservation programs in situ and ex-situ are very essential to preserve N. ampullaria. Plant propagation through cuttings can support conservation activities. The success of cuttings is determined by the concentration of growth regulators (ZPT) to induce the formation of roots and shoots, so it is important to study the concentration of ZPT. This study aims to determine the best IBA concentration to induce roots and shoots in N. ampullaria. The study was arranged based on a completely randomized design with IBA concentration treatment consisting of 5 levels, namely: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1. The results showed that IBA concentration did not significantly affect the growth of N. ampullaria shoot cuttings with the percentage of live cuttings ranging from 70-100%, shoot height increase ranging from 5.01-9.53 cm, the number of primary roots ranging from 5.89-9.56 strands and the number of primary roots ranging from 3.52-6.29 cm. All treatments can stimulate the formation of roots and shoots, indicating that the endogenous phytohormone content was sufficient for the growth of shoot cuttings in N. ampullaria. Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, endemic, extinct, plant growth regulator
Peran Mikoriza Powder dan Granul dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)
Increasing productivity of shallots is carried out through proper fertilization including type, form, and dose of fertilizer. Mycorrhiza infects roots to form external hyphae that increase the plant’s ability to absorb nutrients so that the growth and development of the host plant become faster. Mycorrhizal biofertilizers can be applied in granular or powdered form to increase production. This research aims to analyze the application of powder and granules of mycorrhiza with different levels of NPK in increasing vegetative and generative phases of shallot. The experimental method was carried out using the Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the first factor of mycorrhiza type, and the second factor of NPK dosage. The treatment consisted of 12 levels, each replicated six times, resulting in a total of 72 polybags. Granules mycorrhiza + 50% NPK is the most effective combination increasing the highest plant height to reach 46 cm, and the most number of leaves is 39 strands/clumps. The maximum number of tubers was 11 pieces/crump produced by powder mycorrhiza without NPK, while wet and dry weight of the heaviest tubers by the granule mycorrhiza + 75% NPK treatment of 31 g and 13 g. Mycorrhiza is known to reduce the NPK need by 25% since maximum yield can be attained by adding 75% NPK fertilizer. Keywords: bulb weight, number of bulbs, plant height, root infection, spore density
Multiplikasi Tunas Jahe Putih Besar (Zingiber officinale) In vitro dalam Media MS yang Diperkaya BAP dan TDZ
The giant white ginger is useful as a spice and herbal medicine. Its gingerol can prevent and treat various diseases. In vitro culture techniques can also increase the production of large white ginger seedlings. The purpose of this technique is to obtain a medium for in vitro propagation of large white ginger seedlings that can produce many seedlings, uniformly, and comparable to their parents. This study was conducted during the period September 2022-January 2023, using in vitro culture of giant white ginger at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetic Resources. To grow the explants on MS medium, which combines growth regulators BAP with concentrations of (0, 1, and 5 mg L-1) and TDZ with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg L-1 were used. The experiment was designed using randomized complete factorial. The results showed that the treatment combination of BAP 1.0 mg L-1 without adding TDZ was the best choice. This is because they responded best to the growth of large white ginger explants in vitro. Keywords: gingerol, growth media, production, rhizomes