Mulsa Organik: Pengaruhnya terhadap Lingkungan Mikro, Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Keragaan Cabai Merah di Tanah Vertisol Sukoharjo pada Musim Kemarau

Authors

  • Puji Harsono

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.3.1.35-41

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Red  chilli  is  commercial  crop  and  has  high  economic  values.  Experiments were  conducted  to improve  red  chilli’s  cultivation  technique,  by  applying organic  mulches  to  increase  plant  growth  and yield.   The  experiment  was set  up  in  a  completely  randomized  block  design  with  three  replications to evaluate the effects of organic mulches on microclimate, soil chemical properties, red chilli growth and yield. Mulch treatment consisted of silver-black polyethylene plastic, rice straw, rice husk, corn litter and without mulch as a control. The application of organic mulches at the rate of 6 ton  ha-1in the dry season increased soil temperature, soil moisture, cation exchange capacity, pH, C organic, soil organic matter, N total, K availability and C/N ratio. The application of organic mulches in dry season increased plant growth in terms of number of dichotome branches, leaf area, and dry weight of plant, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, fruit length and better fruit yields. The highest production was achieved by rice straw, i.e, 1.29 kg fruit fresh weight per plant. Plant treated with organic mulches produced fruit per plot 18% greater than those treated with plastic polyethylene.

Keywords: cation exchange capacity, leaf area, growth, yield

ABSTRAK

Cabai  merah  merupakan tanaman  komersial dan  memiliki  nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Percobaan dilakukan untuk memperbaiki teknik budidaya cabai merah dengan  pengaplikasian mulsa organik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan 3 ulangan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh mulsa organik terhadap iklim mikro, sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah. Mulsa yang digunakan adalah plastik polietilen hitam perak, jerami padi, sekam padi, serasah jagung dan tanpa gulma sebagai kontrol. Aplikasi mulsa organik adalah sebesar 6 ton/ha pada musim kering meningkatkan suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah, kapasitas tukar kation, pH, C organik, bahan organik tanah, N total, ketersediaan K dan C/N rasio. Aplikasi mulsa organik pada musim kering meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dilihat dari jumlah cabang dikotomus, luas area daun, bobot kering tanaman laju  asimilasi bersih, laju pertumbuhan relatif, panjang buah dan hasil buah yang lebih  baik.  Produksi tertinggi  diperoleh  pada  perlakuan  mulsa  organik  jerami  padi  dengan bobot  buah segar,  sekitar  1.29  kg  per  tanaman.  Tanaman  dengan perlakuan  mulsa  organik  meng hasilkan  buah  per plot 18% lebih besar dibandingkan tanaman dengan perlakuan mulsa plastik polietilen hitam perak.

Kata kunci : kapasitas tukar kation, area daun, pertumbuhan, hasil

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Published

2015-06-23

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia

Section

Articles

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How to Cite

Mulsa Organik: Pengaruhnya terhadap Lingkungan Mikro, Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Keragaan Cabai Merah di Tanah Vertisol Sukoharjo pada Musim Kemarau. (2015). Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia (JHI), 3(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.3.1.35-41