Optimizing shallot growth and yield through the application of foliar potassium, chicken manure fertilizer, and plant density in dryland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.17.2.79-86Abstract
Dryland has vast potential for shallot cultivation, but its utilization has not been optimal due to water limitations, soil degradation, and inefficient cultivation techniques. This study aimed to optimize the growth and yield of shallots through the application of foliar potassium (K), chicken manure (A), and plant density management (T). This study was conducted on dryland in Lampoko Village, Barebbo Subdistrict, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, using a Split-Split Plot design. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by DMRT at the 5% level if there were significant differences. The results showed that plant height and number of leaves did not differ significantly within treatments, indicating relatively uniform initial growth. Foliar potassium application at 3 g L⁻¹ (K2) significantly increased the number of tillers and bulbs per clump. Chicken manure application did not have a direct effect on yield compared to the control. Conversely, plant density played a crucial role in determining bulb size and total yield. Low density of 444,444 plants ha⁻¹ (T3) produced larger bulbs, while high density of 1,000,000 plants ha⁻¹ (T1) increased productivity per hectare. No significant interaction was found among the three factors (A × T × K), indicating that each factor acted independently. In conclusion, the combination of 10 t ha⁻¹ of chicken manure with an optimal plant density of 666,666 plants ha⁻¹ improved bulb production.
Keywords: cultivation techniques; nutrient efficiency; plant density; soil degradation; water limitation
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