Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Keragaman Genetik Terung Asam (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal) Asal Riau Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
Exploration and Identification of The Genetic Diversity of Sour Eggplant (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal) from Riau Based on Morphological Characters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.17.1.1-12Abstract
Terung asam (Solanum lasiocarpum) is one of the Solanum genus's diversities widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This fruit has been used by people as a flavoring ingredient in traditional dishes. However, the development of terung asam is still constrained by the availability of germplasm collection and improved varieties. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological characters and assess genetic diversity among terung asam accessions. A survey method was used to inventory terung asam in Benteng Utara, Riau. Direct field observation was used to characterize the plant morphology. Data was collected for 19 qualitative and 12 quantitative characters based on UPOV descriptors. Categorical differences among accessions were observed in characters such as fruit shape, fruit tip, fruit size, density of mature fruit hair, leaf tip, leaf spines, young fruit color, growth type, plant height, leaf size, stem diameter, number of branches, and stem thorn density, which are useful as genetic markers. Principal component analysis applied to the eleven qualitative variables and twelve quantitative variables accounted for 82.34% and 85.63% of the total variation in just four principal components. Cluster analysis of the 10 accessions on the basis twenty-three morphological characters enabled four distinct groupings to identified and their accessions are closely related. Group I consisting of Benteng_1, Benteng_4, and Benteng_10 accessions can be selected for breeding material with high yields of terung asam.
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