Aplikasi Mulsa dan Biokultur Urin Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.9.2.103-110Abstract
ABSTRACT
Most upland soils are poor in organic matter and have high temperature. The utilization of
mulch and organic manure with appropriate dosage are expected to enhance the physical and
chemical conditions of the soil and the production of shallot. This study aimed to determine the effect
of applying various types of mulch and cow urine bioculture on the growth and yield of shallot. The
research was conducted in March to June 2017 in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi
Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. A randomized block design factorial with two factors was used
in this study. The first factor was the various types of mulch, namely: Gliricidia sepium leaves, rice
straw, and plastic mulch. The second factor was the frequency of bioculture, namely: without cow
urine bioculture, two times and four times application. Thus, there are nine in the combination of
treatments and repeated three times and therefore there were 27 experimental units. The results
showed that interaction of rice straw mulch and four times cow urine bioculture application have a
very significant effect on the growth and production of shallot. The use of 3 ton ha-1 rice straw and
four times cow urine bioculture application frequency produced 11.25 ton ha-1 shallot bulb.
Keywords: chemical properties, gliricidia leaf, organic matter, rice straw, soil physical
ABSTRAK
Lahan kering umumnya memiliki kandungan bahan organik yang rendah dengan suhu yang
tinggi. Penggunaan mulsa dan pupuk organik pada lahan kering dengan dosis yang cukup diharapkan
dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, sifat kimia tanah dan sifat biologi tanah serta meningkatkan hasil
bawang merah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan frekuensi pemberian
biokultur urin sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan
Maret sampai Juni 2017 di Desa Oloboju, Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Kabupaten Sigi, Provinsi
Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial yang
terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri atas: mulsa daun tanaman gamal
(Gliricidia sepium), mulsa jerami padi dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Faktor kedua yaitu frekuensi
pemberian biokultur urin sapi yang terdiri atas: tanpa biokultur, dua kali pemberian biokultur dan
empat kali pemberian biokultur selama satu musim tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mulsa
jerami padi memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan mulsa
daun tanaman gamal, sedangkan frekuensi pemberian biokultur empat kali memberikan hasil lebih
baik dibandingkan frekuensi biokultur dua kali dan tanpa biokultur. Interaksi keduanya berpengaruh
terhadap komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penggunaan mulsa jerami padi 3
ton ha-1 dan frekuensi biokultur urin sapi sebanyak empat kali menghasilkan umbi bawang merah
11.25 ton ha-1.
Kata kunci: bahan organik, daun tanaman gamal, jerami padi, sifat fisik tunas, sifat kimia tanah
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