Respon Delapan Genotipe Melon (Cucumis melo L.) terhadap Perlakuan KNO3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.9.2.84-92Abstract
ABSTRACT
Potassium (K) is a mineral nutrient needed by crops that influences the quality of fruits and vegetables. The objective of this study was to elucidate the interaction effects of genotype by KNO3 treatment (G × KNO3) on fruit traits of melon. The experiment was conducted from August to October 2016 at Tajur II Experimental Station of IPB, Bogor, following a split plot design with three replicates. The main plot was two levels of KNO3 and the subplot was eight genotypes, consisting of seven test genotypes and one check variety (Eagle). The KNO3 treatments were applied weekly, started from 7-49 DAP with 5 g L-1 concentration, ±200 ml plant-1. G × KNO3 interaction effects were significant for sugar content and titratable acidity (TA). P34 had relatively high sugar content and TA. P25 showed a significant increase of sugar content when KNO3 is added, while Eagle, P311, and P34 showed significant decrease of sugar content. Days to male flowering, days to hermaphrodite flowering, and fruit weight had high broad sense heritability (repeatability), while days to harvest, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, rind thickness, and sugar content had moderate heritability. Fruit weight had significant positive correlation with fruit diameter, flesh thickness, and rind thickness. Application of KNO3 fertilizer in practical is therefore suggested for the postive-response genotypes to KNO3.
Key words: fruit quality, KNO3, melon, sugar content
ABSTRAK
Kalium (K) merupakan mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas buah dan sayur. Pada budidaya melon umumnya, sumber mineral K diperoleh dalam bentuk KNO3. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh interaksi genotipe × perlakuan KNO3 (G × KNO3) terhadap peningkatan kualitas buah melon. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2016 di Kebun Percobaan IPB Tajur II, Bogor menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (split plot design) dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama merupakan perlakuan KNO3 dengan dua taraf, dan anak petak merupakan genotipe dengan delapan taraf, yang terdiri dari tujuh genotipe uji dan satu varietas pembanding (Eagle). Perlakuan KNO3 dilakukan setiap minggu mulai 7–49 HST dengan konsentrasi 5 g L-1 dan volume aplikasi ± 200 ml tanaman-1. Interaksi G × KNO3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter kadar gula dan total asam tertitrasi (TAT). Genotipe P34 memiliki kadar gula dan TAT yang relatif tinggi. P25 merupakan genotipe yang menunjukkan respon positif berupa peningkatan kadar gula pada perlakuan KNO3, namun sebaliknya genotipe Eagle, P311, dan P34 justru menunjukkan penurunan kadar gula yang signifikan pada perlakuan KNO3. Karakter yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas (repeatabilitas) arti luas yang tergolong tinggi adalah umur berbunga jantan, umur berbunga hermaprodit, dan bobot buah, sedangkan yang heritabilitasnya tergolong sedang adalah umur panen, diameter buah, tebal daging buah, tebal kulit buah, dan kadar gula. Bobot buah berkorelasi positif dengan diameter buah, tebal daging buah, dan tebal kulit buah. Aplikasi pemupukan KNO3 secara praktis disarankan pada genotipe melon yang memiliki respon positif terhadap KNO3.
Kata kunci: kandungan gula, KNO3, kualitas buah, melon
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